IOS开发（12）IOS Cocoapods 工具安装与使用

Cocoapod是ios开发用于管理第三方框架的工具，类似Java中的Maven，至少我是这样理解的。第一次使用，后面还不知道有多少坑，所以记录下学习日志，为后续学习打好基础。

硬件环境

电脑: macOS High Sierra 10.13.3
xcode: Version 9.2

具体安装过程

具体安装过程分为这么几步d，在网上找的帖子教程，大概也是经过这么几个步骤。
1.修改下载源镜像地址
2.升级Ruby
3.安装pod
4.配置pod
5.使用pod

1.修改下载源镜像地址

witsystemdeMacBook-Pro:~ witsystem$ gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.org/ --remove https://ruby.taobao.org/
source https://gems.ruby-china.org/ already present in the cache
https://ruby.taobao.org/ removed from sources
witsystemdeMacBook-Pro:~ witsystem$ gem sources -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

https://gems.ruby-china.org/

上面命令将移除一个添加另一个。

2.升级Ruby

witsystemdeMacBook-Pro:~ witsystem$ sudo gem update --system
Password:
Updating rubygems-update
Fetching: rubygems-update-2.6.14.gem (100%)
Successfully installed rubygems-update-2.6.14
Parsing documentation for rubygems-update-2.6.14
Installing ri documentation for rubygems-update-2.6.14
Installing darkfish documentation for rubygems-update-2.6.14
Done installing documentation for rubygems-update after 32 seconds
Parsing documentation for rubygems-update-2.6.14
Done installing documentation for rubygems-update after 0 seconds
Installing RubyGems 2.6.14
RubyGems 2.6.14 installed
Parsing documentation for rubygems-2.6.14
Installing ri documentation for rubygems-2.6.14

=== 2.6.14 / 2017-10-09

Security fixes:

* Whitelist classes and symbols that are in loaded YAML.
  See CVE-2017-0903 for full details.
  Fix by Aaron Patterson.

=== 2.6.13 / 2017-08-27

Security fixes:

* Fix a DNS request hijacking vulnerability.
  Fix by Samuel Giddins.
* Fix an ANSI escape sequence vulnerability.
  Fix by Evan Phoenix.
* Fix a DOS vulernerability in the `query` command.
  Fix by Samuel Giddins.
* Fix a vulnerability in the gem installer that allowed
  a malicious gem to overwrite arbitrary files.
  Fix by Samuel Giddins.

=== 2.6.12 / 2017-04-30

Bug fixes:

* Fix test_self_find_files_with_gemfile to sort expected files. Pull
  request #1880 by Kazuaki Matsuo.
* Fix issue for MinGW / MSYS2 builds and testing. Pull request #1879 by
  MSP-Greg.
* Fix gem open to open highest version number rather than lowest. Pull
  request #1877 by Tim Pope.
* Add a test for requiring a default spec as installed by the ruby
  installer. Pull request #1899 by Samuel Giddins.
* Fix broken --exact parameter to gem command. Pull request #1873 by Jason
  Frey.
* [Installer] Generate backwards-compatible binstubs. Pull request #1904
  by Samuel Giddins.
* Fix pre-existing source recognition on add action. Pull request #1883 by
  Jonathan Claudius.
* Prevent negative IDs in output of #inspect. Pull request #1908 by Vít
  Ondruch.
* Allow Gem.finish_resolve to respect already-activated specs. Pull
  request #1910 by Samuel Giddins.

=== 2.6.11 / 2017-03-16

Bug fixes:

* Fixed broken tests on ruby-head. Pull request #1841 by
  SHIBATA Hiroshi.
* Update vendored Molinillo to 0.5.7. Pull request #1859 by Samuel
  Giddins.
* Avoid activating Ruby 2.5 default gems when possible. Pull request #1843
  by Samuel Giddins.
* Use improved resolver sorting algorithm. Pull request #1856 by
  Samuel Giddins.

=== 2.6.10 / 2017-01-23

Bug fixes:

* Fix `require` calling the wrong `gem` method when it is overridden.
  Pull request #1822 by Samuel Giddins.

=== 2.6.9 / 2017-01-20

Bug fixes:

* Allow initializing versions with empty strings. Pull request #1767 by
  Luis Sagastume.
* Fix TypeError on 2.4. Pull request #1788 by Nobuyoshi Nakada.
* Don't output mkmf.log message if compilation didn't fail. Pull request
  #1808 by Jeremy Evans.
* Fixed broken links and overzealous URL encoding in gem server. Pull
  request #1809 by Nicole Orchard.
* Update vendored Molinillo to 0.5.5. Pull request #1812 by Samuel
  Giddins.
* RakeBuilder: avoid frozen string issue. Pull request #1819 by Olle
  Jonsson.

=== 2.6.8 / 2016-10-29

Bug fixes:

* Improve SSL verification failure message. Pull request #1751
  by Eric Hodel.
* Ensure `to_spec` falls back on prerelease specs. Pull request
  #1755 by André Arko.
* Update vendored Molinillo to 0.5.3. Pull request #1763 by
  Samuel Giddins.

=== 2.6.7 / 2016-09-26

Bug fixes:

* Install native extensions in the correct location when using the
  `--user-install` flag. Pull request #1683 by Noah Kantrowitz.
* When calling `Gem.sources`, load sources from `configuration`
  if present, else use the default sources. Pull request #1699
  by Luis Sagastume.
* Fail gracefully when attempting to redirect without a Location.
  Pull request #1711 by Samuel Giddins.
* Update vendored Molinillo to 0.5.1. Pull request #1714 by
  Samuel Giddins.

=== 2.6.6 / 2016-06-22

Bug fixes:

* Sort installed versions to make sure we install the latest version when
  running `gem update --system`. As a one-time fix, run
  `gem update --system=2.6.6`. Pull request #1601 by David Radcliffe.

=== 2.6.5 / 2016-06-21

Minor enhancements:

* Support for unified Integer in Ruby 2.4. Pull request #1618
  by SHIBATA Hiroshi.
* Update vendored Molinillo to 0.5.0 for performance improvements.
  Pull request #1638 by Samuel Giddins.

Bug fixes:

* Raise an explicit error if Signer#sign is called with no certs. Pull
  request #1605 by Daniel Berger.
* Update `update_bundled_ca_certificates` utility script for directory
  nesting. Pull request #1583 by James Wen.
* Fix broken symlink support in tar writer (+ fix broken test). Pull
  request #1578 by Cezary Baginski.
* Remove extension directory before (re-)installing. Pull request #1576
  by Jeremy Hinegardner.
* Regenerate test CA certificates with appropriate extensions. Pull
  request #1611 by rhenium.
* Rubygems does not terminate on failed file lock when not superuser. Pull
  request #1582 by Ellen Marie Dash.
* Fix tar headers with a 101 character name. Pull request #1612 by Paweł
  Tomulik.
* Add Gem.platform_defaults to allow implementations to override defaults.
  Pull request #1644 by Charles Oliver Nutter.
* Run Bundler tests on TravisCI. Pull request #1650 by Samuel Giddins.

=== 2.6.4 / 2016-04-26

Minor enhancements:

* Use Gem::Util::NULL_DEVICE instead of hard coded strings. Pull request #1588
  by Chris Charabaruk.
* Use File.symlink on MS Windows if supported. Pull request #1418
  by Nobuyoshi Nakada.

Bug fixes:

* Redact uri password from error output when gem fetch fails. Pull request
  #1565 by Brian Fletcher.
* Suppress warnings. Pull request #1594 by Nobuyoshi Nakada.
* Escape user-supplied content served on web pages by `gem server` to avoid
  potential XSS vulnerabilities. Samuel Giddins.

=== 2.6.3 / 2016-04-05

Minor enhancements:

* Lazily calculate Gem::LoadError exception messages. Pull request #1550
  by Aaron Patterson.
* New fastly cert. Pull request #1548 by David Radcliffe.
* Organize and cleanup SSL certs. Pull request #1555 by James Wen.
* [RubyGems] Make deprecation message for paths= more helpful. Pull
  request #1562 by Samuel Giddins.
* Show default gems when using "gem list". Pull request #1570 by Luis
  Sagastume.

Bug fixes:

* Stub ordering should be consistent regardless of how cache is populated.
  Pull request #1552 by Aaron Patterson.
* Handle cases when the @@stubs variable contains non-stubs. Pull request
  #1558 by Per Lundberg.
* Fix test on Windows for inconsistent temp path. Pull request #1554 by
  Hiroshi Shirosaki.
* Fix `Gem.find_spec_for_exe` picks oldest gem. Pull request #1566 by
  Shinichi Maeshima.
* [Owner] Fallback to email and userid when owner email is missing. Pull
  request #1569 by Samuel Giddins.
* [Installer] Handle nil existing executable. Pull request #1561 by Samuel
  Giddins.
* Allow two digit version numbers in the tests. Pull request #1575 by unak.

=== 2.6.2 / 2016-03-12

Bug fixes:

* Fix wrong version of gem activation for bin stub. Pull request #1527 by
  Aaron Patterson.
* Speed up gem activation failures. Pull request #1539 by Aaron Patterson.
* Fix platform sorting in the resolver. Pull request #1542 by Samuel E.
  Giddins.
* Ensure we unlock the monitor even if try_activate throws. Pull request
  #1538 by Charles Oliver Nutter.


=== 2.6.1 / 2016-02-28

Bug fixes:

* Ensure `default_path` and `home` are set for paths. Pull request #1513
  by Aaron Patterson.
* Restore but deprecate support for Array values on `Gem.paths=`. Pull
  request #1514 by Aaron Patterson.
* Fix invalid gem file preventing gem install from working. Pull request
  #1499 by Luis Sagastume.

=== 2.6.0 / 2016-02-26

Minor enhancements:

* RubyGems now defaults the `gem push` to the gem's "allowed_push_host"
  metadata setting.  Pull request #1486 by Josh Lane.
* Update bundled Molinillo to 0.4.3. Pull request #1493 by Samuel E. Giddins.
* Add version option to gem open command. Pull request #1483 by Hrvoje
  Šimić.
* Feature/add silent flag. Pull request #1455 by Luis Sagastume.
* Allow specifying gem requirements via env variables. Pull request #1472
  by Samuel E. Giddins.

Bug fixes:

* RubyGems now stores `gem push` credentials under the host you signed-in for.
  Pull request #1485 by Josh Lane.
* Move `coding` location to first line. Pull request #1471 by SHIBATA
  Hiroshi.
* [PathSupport] Handle a regexp path separator. Pull request #1469 by
  Samuel E. Giddins.
* Clean up the PathSupport object. Pull request #1094 by Aaron Patterson.
* Join with File::PATH_SEPARATOR in Gem.use_paths. Pull request #1476 by
  Samuel E. Giddins.
* Handle when the gem home and gem path arent set in the config file. Pull
  request #1478 by Samuel E. Giddins.
* Terminate TimeoutHandler. Pull request #1479 by Nobuyoshi Nakada.
* Remove redundant cache. Pull request #1482 by Eileen M. Uchitelle.
* Freeze `Gem::Version@segments` instance variable. Pull request #1487 by
  Ben Dean.
* Gem cleanup is trying to uninstall gems outside GEM_HOME and reporting
  an error after it tries. Pull request #1353 by Luis Sagastume.
* Avoid duplicated sources. Pull request #1489 by Luis Sagastume.
* Better description for quiet flag. Pull request #1491 by Luis Sagastume.
* Raise error if find_by_name returns with nil. Pull request #1494 by
  Zoltán Hegedüs.
* Find_files only from loaded_gems when using gemdeps. Pull request #1277
  by Michal Papis.

=== 2.5.2 / 2016-01-31

Bug fixes:

* Fix memoization of Gem::Version#prerelease? Pull request #1125 by Matijs van
  Zuijlen.
* Handle trailing colons in GEM_PATH, by Damien Robert.
* Improve the Gemfile `gemspec` method, fixing #1204 and #1033. Pull request
  #1276 by Michael Papis.
* Warn only once when a gemspec license is invalid. Pull request #1414 by Samuel
  E. Giddins.
* Check for exact constants before using them, fixing Ruby bug #11940. Pull
  request #1438 by Nobuyoshi Nakada.
* Fix building C extensions on Ruby 1.9.x on Windows. Pull request #1453 by Marie
  Markwell.
* Handle symlinks containing ".." correctly. Pull request #1457 by Samuel E.
  Giddins.

Minor enhancements:

* Add `--no-rc` flag, which skips loading `.gemrc`. Pull request #1329 by Luis
  Sagastume.
* Allow basic auth to be excluded from `allowed_push_host`. By Josh Lane.
* Add `gem list --exact`, which finds gems by string match instead of regex. Pull
  request #1344 by Luis Sagastume.
* Suggest alternatives when gem license is unknown. Pull request #1443 by Samuel
  E. Giddins.
* Print a useful error if a binstub expects a newer version of a gem than is
  installed. Pull request #1407 by Samuel E. Giddins.
* Allow the (supported) s3:// scheme to be used with `--source`. Pull request
  #1416 by Dave Adams.
* Add `--[no-]post-install-message` to `install` and `update`. Pull request #1162
  by Josef Šimánek.
* Add `--host` option to `yank`, providing symmetry with `pull`. Pull request
  #1361 by Mike Virata-Stone.
* Update bundled Molinillo to 0.4.1. Pull request #1452 by Samuel E. Giddins.
* Allow calling `build` without '.gemspec'. Pull request #1454 by Stephen
  Blackstone.
* Add support for `source` option on gems in Gemfile. Pull request #1355 by
  Michael Papis.
* Function correctly when string literals are frozen on Ruby 2.3. Pull request
  #1408 by Samuel E. Giddins.


------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RubyGems installed the following executables:
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/bin/gem

Ruby Interactive (ri) documentation was installed. ri is kind of like man 
pages for ruby libraries. You may access it like this:
  ri Classname
  ri Classname.class_method
  ri Classname#instance_method
If you do not wish to install this documentation in the future, use the
--no-document flag, or set it as the default in your ~/.gemrc file. See
'gem help env' for details.

RubyGems system software updated
witsystemdeMacBook-Pro:~ witsystem$ rvm -v
-bash: rvm: command not found
witsystemdeMacBook-Pro:~ witsystem$ gem
RubyGems is a sophisticated package manager for Ruby.  This is a
basic help message containing pointers to more information.

  Usage:
    gem -h/--help
    gem -v/--version
    gem command [arguments...] [options...]

  Examples:
    gem install rake
    gem list --local
    gem build package.gemspec
    gem help install

  Further help:
    gem help commands            list all 'gem' commands
    gem help examples            show some examples of usage
    gem help gem_dependencies    gem dependencies file guide
    gem help platforms           gem platforms guide
    gem help <COMMAND>           show help on COMMAND
                                   (e.g. 'gem help install')
    gem server                   present a web page at
                                 http://localhost:8808/
                                 with info about installed gems
  Further information:
    http://guides.rubygems.org
witsystemdeMacBook-Pro:~ witsystem$ gem -v
2.6.14

这样就完成Ruby的升级，可以查询版本

3.安装pod

witsystemdeMacBook-Pro:~ witsystem$ sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
Successfully installed cocoapods-1.4.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-1.4.0
Done installing documentation for cocoapods after 2 seconds
1 gem installed
witsystemdeMacBook-Pro:~ witsystem$ pod --version
1.4.0

当出现上面的提示表示安装成功，我安装的是1.4.0版本的

4.配置pod

witsystemdeMacBook-Pro:~ witsystem$ pod setup
Setting up CocoaPods master repo
  $ /usr/bin/git -C /Users/witsystem/.cocoapods/repos/master fetch origin
  --progress
  remote: Counting objects: 72, done.        
  remote: Compressing objects: 100% (53/53), done.        
  remote: Total 72 (delta 47), reused 25 (delta 15), pack-reused 0        
  From https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs
     c6592065b49..7f1f6e94652  master     -> origin/master
  $ /usr/bin/git -C /Users/witsystem/.cocoapods/repos/master rev-parse
  --abbrev-ref HEAD
  master
  $ /usr/bin/git -C /Users/witsystem/.cocoapods/repos/master reset --hard
  origin/master
  HEAD is now at 7f1f6e94652 [Add] KZLogger 0.1.7
Setup completed

5.使用pod

witsystemdeMacBook-Pro:~ witsystem$ pod search AFNetworking
Creating search index for spec repo 'master'.. Done!

第一次搜索时，会提示上面的信息，不过稍等片刻，就会得到你想要的效果

-> AFNetworking (3.2.0)
   A delightful iOS and OS X networking framework.
   pod 'AFNetworking', '~> 3.2.0'
   - Homepage: https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking
   - Source:   https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking.git
   - Versions: 3.2.0, 3.1.0, 3.0.4, 3.0.3, 3.0.2, 3.0.1, 3.0.0, 3.0.0-beta.3,
   3.0.0-beta.2, 3.0.0-beta.1, 2.6.3, 2.6.2, 2.6.1, 2.6.0, 2.5.4, 2.5.3, 2.5.2,
   2.5.1, 2.5.0, 2.4.1, 2.4.0, 2.3.1, 2.3.0, 2.2.4, 2.2.3, 2.2.2, 2.2.1, 2.2.0,
   2.1.0, 2.0.3, 2.0.2, 2.0.1, 2.0.0, 2.0.0-RC3, 2.0.0-RC2, 2.0.0-RC1, 1.3.4,
   1.3.3, 1.3.2, 1.3.1, 1.3.0, 1.2.1, 1.2.0, 1.1.0, 1.0.1, 1.0, 1.0RC3, 1.0RC2,
   1.0RC1, 0.10.1, 0.10.0, 0.9.2, 0.9.1, 0.9.0, 0.7.0, 0.5.1 [master repo]
   - Subspecs:
     - AFNetworking/Serialization (3.2.0)
     - AFNetworking/Security (3.2.0)
     - AFNetworking/Reachability (3.2.0)
     - AFNetworking/NSURLSession (3.2.0)
     - AFNetworking/UIKit (3.2.0)

-> AFNetworking+AutoRetry (0.0.5)
   Auto Retries for AFNetworking requests
   pod 'AFNetworking+AutoRetry', '~> 0.0.5'
   - Homepage: https://github.com/shaioz/AFNetworking-AutoRetry
:q

弹出这样的信息，如果我们想退出，按键盘q即可。

常见问题

1）[!] Unable to find a pod with name, author, summary, or description matching AFNetworking

这个可能是因为你之前使用过这个命令，导致搜索结果缓存了起来，使用如下命令解决：

witsystemdeMacBook-Pro:~ witsystem$ rm ~/Library/Caches/CocoaPods/search_index.json

2）ld: warning: directory not found for option ‘-L/Users/witsystem/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Demo-geavzrxmwgqvnxdeltiyfflyxaye/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/PGPickerView’
ld: library not found for -lPGPickerView
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
cocoapods1.4.0版本与xcode9.2版本一起使用有问题一直提示上面的问题，我初次使用这个，没有仔细去研究，后来更换cocoapods1.3.1就不报上面的错误了，真是太坑了,但是没完。引入第二个框架就开始报错了。
解决办法：
第一步：
步骤1
第二步：
步骤二
第三步：
步骤三
第四步：
步骤四
第五步：
步骤五
第六步：清理项目重新编译即可，不报错了吧。

3）问题3

[!] CocoaPods could not find compatible versions for pod "PGDatePicker":
  In Podfile:
    PGDatePicker (~> 2.2.1)

None of your spec sources contain a spec satisfying the dependency: `PGDatePicker (~> 2.2.1)`.

You have either:
 * out-of-date source repos which you can update with `pod repo update` or with `pod install --repo-update`.
 * mistyped the name or version.
 * not added the source repo that hosts the Podspec to your Podfile.

Note: as of CocoaPods 1.0, `pod repo update` does not happen on `pod install` by default.

解决方式：

使用命令：
pod repo update

稍等一会，即可。

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