一：Docker基础
1.1：环境准备
环境准备
1、需要会一点点Linux的基础
2、CentOS 7
3、链接服务器Xshell
环境查看
# 系统内核时3.10以上的
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1160.15.2.el7.x86_64
# 系统版本
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
1.2：Docker安装
卸载旧版本
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils
设置阿里镜像仓库
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
更新yum软件包索引
yum makecache fast
安装docker相关的内容 docker-ce 社区版 ee企业版
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
启动docker
systemctl start docker
查看docker版本
docker version
启动HelloWorld测试
docker run hello-world
查看一下下载的这个 hello-world镜像
docker images
1.3：Docker卸载(了解)
卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
删除资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
rm -rf /var/lib/containerd
1.4：阿里云镜像加速
登录阿里云搜索 容器镜像服务
立即开通进入镜像加速服务(免费)
配置使用
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://mr5fpkr7.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
1.5：docker run运行流程
- 用户执行 docker run 镜像名 命令
- docker在本地仓库中寻找该镜像
- 若在仓库中找到该镜像,则启动该镜像
- 若没有找到该镜像,docker将在远程仓库(Docker Hub)去寻找
- 若远程仓库中拥有该镜像,将该镜像下载到本地仓库中启动
- 若没有该镜像,返回错误,并报错找不到该镜像
1.6：Docker的常用命令
1.6.1：帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker --help #帮助命令
帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/
1.6.2：镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地上的镜像
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 6 weeks ago 13.3kB
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
d1165f221234 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
#可选项
-a, --all #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet #只显示镜像的ID
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10766 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4052 [OK]
#可选项，通过搜索来过略
-f, --filter filter --filter=stars=3000 #只搜索镜像STARS大于3000
#搜索Mysql中STARS大于3000的镜像
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=4000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10766 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4052 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag] 默认下载最新版
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不选tag，默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
f7ec5a41d630: Pull complete #分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
9444bb562699: Pull complete
6a4207b96940: Pull complete
181cefd361ce: Pull complete
8a2090759d8a: Pull complete
15f235e0d7ee: Pull complete
d870539cd9db: Pull complete
5726073179b6: Pull complete
eadfac8b2520: Pull complete
f5936a8c3f2b: Pull complete
cca8ee89e625: Pull complete
6c79df02586a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:6e0014cdd88092545557dee5e9eb7e1a3c84c9a14ad2418d5f2231e930967a38 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
# docker pull mysql 等价于 docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest`
指定版本下载
#指定下载 myqsl 5.7
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
f7ec5a41d630: Already exists
9444bb562699: Already exists #联合文件系统，不需要下载这些
6a4207b96940: Already exists
181cefd361ce: Already exists
8a2090759d8a: Already exists
15f235e0d7ee: Already exists
d870539cd9db: Already exists
7310c448ab4f: Pull complete
4a72aac2e800: Pull complete #只需要下载需要更新的
b1ab932f17c4: Pull complete
1a985de740ee: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e42a18d0bd0aa746a734a49cbbcc079ccdf6681c474a238d38e79dc0884e0ecc
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像！
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker images #查看当前拥有的镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 450379344707 9 days ago 449MB
mysql latest cbe8815cbea8 9 days ago 546MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 6 weeks ago 13.3kB
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker rmi -f cbe8815cbea8 #根据ID删除镜像
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:6e0014cdd88092545557dee5e9eb7e1a3c84c9a14ad2418d5f2231e930967a38
Deleted: sha256:cbe8815cbea8fb86ce7d3169a82d05301e7dfe1a8d4228941f23f4f115a887f2
Deleted: sha256:c74b92ab7fde96874c2f7afa77e338ebe739b829f5cb28a9975c9b0dcb47feb9
Deleted: sha256:fded7187915726c2d2d18c8178cd70ab9aceab27f49a68ead928a662664b9402
Deleted: sha256:217ef0e6aab8111068df664529c4bdcfc2b58701913028fd0d61b00265ad5a9b
Deleted: sha256:1ab4dbca7ef7a8eb6f7ea8ddd780b5d55aac2a0098f2c217c68e31216a2de140
Deleted: sha256:1fbdda78e87b76772be16bd4a745db7f95d9af70d5a3728260548380121ae711
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker images #删除后重新查看已没有
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 450379344707 9 days ago 449MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 6 weeks ago 13.3kB
#删除docker中的所有镜像 docker images -aq获取所有镜像的ID $()以参数的方式传入
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e42a18d0bd0aa746a734a49cbbcc079ccdf6681c474a238d38e79dc0884e0ecc
Deleted: sha256:450379344707c56f47d1391c18fc3ac22e2c59fbf384a0de77f2bdfc59bcbc61
Deleted: sha256:f524a8b23a8a8a9d862f6c0251b19365eda045117dae4f82bd9f16edcaf31402
Deleted: sha256:c18828290fa30349004e01790ede1117f82dd6ea26a74c83a6e985c7a3ffafdd
Deleted: sha256:33db070b2792af524b7a61a855835c813f3b06178d6103766a5c90024fe25a76
Deleted: sha256:556286c5cd9dae96e08fbef933278ca181e296098ee44ca083891e5739a87fdc
Deleted: sha256:cd35e2328f0670969657f1abae8beffbc1eb1fddbaf667e1e6e6286598500a35
Deleted: sha256:068b92efc0504adcd3c23f16fde80775a2f4dfe485e242206f638eae72c4fa1b
Deleted: sha256:7c8818a166d9666c68fcdbe421c30568d60d51a505e540f42901664113047a75
Deleted: sha256:5aa8f65565168fd7db2aa6b9f8fb1db746aa598fa3854dcbdbb49d5a29f6d8a5
Deleted: sha256:cca9d1bafa1ee67bb4d7178732c0955a40a5dea6e5b989f61248984f26f7306b
Deleted: sha256:34ca91e79c4027120ca740231d415c739cccad57d1ee68d6a6e67ca60bbaf3a4
Deleted: sha256:7e718b9c0c8c2e6420fe9c4d1d551088e314fe923dce4b2caf75891d82fb227d
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:f2266cbfc127c960fd30e76b7c792dc23b588c0db76233517e1891a4e357d519
Deleted: sha256:d1165f2212346b2bab48cb01c1e39ee8ad1be46b87873d9ca7a4e434980a7726
#成功删除所有镜像
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
1.6.3：容器命令
说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name-"Name" 容器名字 mysql1 mysql2 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080
-p 主机端口:容器端口 （常用）
-p 容器端口
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-P(大写P) 随机指定端口
#测试，启动并进入容器
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
#主机名就是镜像名
[root@8fae50428564 /]#
#查看容器内的centos 基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
[root@8fae50428564 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
#从容器真退回到主机
[root@8fae50428564 /]# exit
exit
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]#
列出所有运行中的容器 docker ps
#列出当前赈灾运行的容器
doc[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
#列出所有运行过的容器 -a
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8fae50428564 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago bold_murdock
ab1ac1e252e4 d1165f221234 "/hello" 11 hours ago Exited (0) 11 hours ago elegant_hypatia
94ef98cdd123 d1165f221234 "/hello" 11 hours ago Exited (0) 11 hours ago sharp_ishizaka
#列出最近创建的容器 -n=? ?代表个数
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker ps -n=2
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8fae50428564 centos "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago bold_murdock
ab1ac1e252e4 d1165f221234 "/hello" 11 hours ago Exited (0) 11 hours ago elegant_hypatia
#列出所有容器的ID -aq
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker ps -aq
8fae50428564
ab1ac1e252e4
94ef98cdd123
退出容器
exit #直接容器停止并退出
ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止但退出
删除容器
#删除指定容器,不能删除正在运行的容器 如果需要强制 rm -f
docker rm 容器ID
#删除所有容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
#删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm
启动或停止容器操作
docker start 容器ID #启动容器
docker restart 容器ID #重启容器
docker stop 容器ID #停止正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器ID #强制停止容器
1.6.4：常用其他命令
后台启动容器
#命令 docker run -d 容器名
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker run -d centos
d7cec58c1e5f4f5df7d07eb5cb8de068adba78186ea576913bc04948b9ffa106
#问题 docker ps 发现centos停止了
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
#常见的坑：docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台程序，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
#nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供福，就会立刻停止，就没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 行数
#自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo zhaoliming;sleep 1;done"
ca8a8526b431bdc4c4a0a1fcd385db26d88fd8a5ca9b1ea4f21929a1dbcf89f8
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE
ca8a8526b431 centos
#显示日志 每个一秒打印一句
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 ca8a8526b431
2021-04-20T02:51:40.803859669Z zhaoliming
2021-04-20T02:51:41.806541663Z zhaoliming
2021-04-20T02:51:42.809288233Z zhaoliming
2021-04-20T02:51:43.812129590Z zhaoliming
#显示日志 显示指定条数的日志
-t #显示日志
-f #显示时间戳
--tail number #要显示的日志条数
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 ca8a8526b431
查看容器中的进程信息 ps
# top命令
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker top ca8a8526b431
# 用户ID #父ID #父进程ID
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY
root 16545 16526 0 10:48 ? root 18082 16545 0 10:57 ?
查看镜像源数据
#命令 docker inspect 容器ID
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker inspect ca8a8526b431
[
{
"Id": "ca8a8526b431bdc4c4a0a1fcd385db26d88fd8a5ca9b1ea4f21929a1dbcf89f8"
"Created": "2021-04-20T02:48:41.247163141Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo zhaoliming;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 16545,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-04-20T02:48:42.212374816Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ca8a8526b431bdc4c4a0a1fcd3
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ca8a8526b431bdc4c4a0a1fcd385
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ca8a8526b431bdc4c4a0a1fcd385db2
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ca8a8526b431bdc4c4a0a1fcd385db26dbcf89f8-json.log",
"Name": "/dazzling_mclaren",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "devicemapper",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"DeviceId": "41",
"DeviceName": "docker-253:1-269513-317cb84b59e6271cd5df3962331e2
"DeviceSize": "10737418240"
},
"Name": "devicemapper"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "ca8a8526b431",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/b
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash",
"-c",
"while true;do echo zhaoliming;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "475e17ea5b2781da351ac6e1a7398af376e5525a705c2501413208
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/475e17ea5b27",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "e9e41e6e100f77f99dff7192f9ebc142fafffa17dc6cb3ff41631
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "e9a4f2241f7ad33945350e00ec3a6332000e66e1fc820c
"EndpointID": "e9e41e6e100f77f99dff7192f9ebc142fafffa17dc6cb
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
#方式一：
#命令 docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker exec -it ca8a8526b431 /bin/bash
[root@ca8a8526b431 /]#
#方式二：
#命令: docker attach 容器ID
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker attach ca8a8526b431
正在执行的代码。。。。。。
#docker exec #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(常用)
#docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！
从容器内考本文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的地主机路径
#进入docker的容器中，在honme目录下创建test.java
[root@0aed7d5b45b7 home]# touch test.java
#退出到主机中
[root@0aed7d5b45b7 home]# exit
exit
#将容器中的文件复制到主机的（/usr/local/software/）目录下
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z software]# docker cp 0aed7d5b45b7:/home/test.java /usr/local/software/
#进入 /usr/local/software/ 目录
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z software]# cd /usr/local/software/
#查看文件
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z software]# ll
total 688496
#test.java成功复制
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 20 11:20 test.java
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 20 11:18 zhaoliming.java
#考本是一个手动的过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术。可以实现，自动同步 将容器中的目录与主机的目录连通
1.6.5：小结
Docker命令总结
attach Attach to a running container #当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile #通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit Create a new image from a containers changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp Copy files/folders from a container to a HOSTDIR or to STDOUT #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
create Create a new container #创建一个新的容器，同run 但不启动容器
diff Inspect changes on a containers filesystem #查看docker容器变化
events Get real time events from the server#从docker服务获取容器实时事件
exec Run a command in a running container#在已存在的容器上运行命令
export Export a containers filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件(对应import)
history Show the history of an image #展示一个镜像形成历史
images List images #列出系统当前镜像
import #从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像(对应export)
info Display system-wide information #显示系统相关信息
inspect Return low-level information on a container or image #查看容器详细信息
kill Kill a running container #kill指定docker容器
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #从一个tar包中加载一个镜像(对应save)
login Register or log in to a Docker registry#注册或者登陆一个docker源服务器
logout Log out from a Docker registry #从当前Docker registry退出
logs Fetch the logs of a container #输出当前容器日志信息
pause Pause all processes within a container#暂停容器
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER #查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
ps List containers #列出容器列表
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry #从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
push Push an image or a repository to a registry #推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
rename Rename a container #重命名容器
restart Restart a running container #重启运行的容器
rm Remove one or more containers #移除一个或者多个容器
rmi #移除一个或多个镜像(无容器使用该镜像才可以删除，否则需要删除相关容器才可以继续或者-f强制删除)
run #创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save Save an image(s) to a tar archive#保存一个镜像为一个tar包(对应load)
search Search the Docker Hub for images #在docker
hub中搜索镜像
start Start one or more stopped containers#启动容器
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics #统计容器使用资源
stop Stop a running container #停止容器
tag Tag an image into a repository #给源中镜像打标签
top Display the running processes of a container #查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause Unpause all processes within a container #取消暂停容器
version Show the Docker version information#查看容器版本号
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code #截取容器停止时的退出状态值
1.7：Docker安装Nginx
搜索镜像
docker search nginx
拉取镜像
docker pull nginx
查看镜像
[root@iz2ze7kchfwcvrdgoe1tr6z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
#Nginx 成功下载
nginx latest 62d49f9bab67 7 days ago 133MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 4 months ago 209MB
启动镜像
# -d 以后台方式启动nginx
# --name 给nginx容器起一个名字叫做 mynginx
# -p 将nginx 容器中默认的端口号80 映射为本机的3344
docker run -d --name mynginx -p 3344:80 nginx
查看启动状态
运行测试Nginx
#访问本机的 3344端口
curl localhost:3344
1.8：Docker安装TomCat
拉群镜像
#tomcat:n n为你想要下载的版本
docker pull tomcat:9.0
查看镜像
启动镜像
# -d 以后台方式启动
# -p 将容器中的tomcat默认端口8080映射到本机的3355端口
# --name 给tomcat容器命名为 mytomcat
docker run -d -p 3355:8080 --name mytomcat tomcat9.0
测试访问
测试访问没有，但是没有显示网页
进入容器内部
# exec 进入正在运行容器内部
# -it 交互式访问
docker exec -it mytomcat /bin/bash
root@b95178a5108a:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt NOTICE RUNNING.txt lib temp work
CONTRIBUTING.md README.md bin logs webapps
LICENSE RELEASE-NOTES conf native-jni-lib webapps.dist
#进入webapps
root@b95178a5108a:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@b95178a5108a:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls -la
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Apr 11 03:31 .
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Apr 11 03:31 ..
发现问题，1：linux命令少了，2、webapps东西不全，3：阿里云镜像的原因，默认是最小的镜像，所有不必要的的都剔除掉，保证最小的可运行环境
解决 我们发现Root目录在webapps.dist下面
#将webapps.dist中的所有文件复制到webapps中
cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps
重新测试访问
