使用python在es中基本操作详解（添加索引、查询索引、删除索引、判断索引是否存在、添加数据、查询数据）

1.添加索引

示例代码1：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

doc = {
    "mappings": {
        "properties": {
            "grade": {
                "type": "long"
            },
            "id": {
                "type": "long"
            },
            "name": {
                "type": "text",
                "fields": {
                    "keyword": {
                        "type": "keyword",
                        "ignore_above": 256
                    }
                }
            },
            "sex": {
                "type": "text",
                "fields": {
                    "keyword": {
                        "type": "keyword",
                        "ignore_above": 256
                    }
                }
            },
            "subject": {
                "type": "text",
                "fields": {
                    "keyword": {
                        "type": "keyword",
                        "ignore_above": 256
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

# 创建索引
res = es.index(index="test_index", id=1, document=doc)
print(res)
print(res['result'])

# 创建索引
res2 = es.index(index='test_index2', document=doc)
print(res2)

运行结果：

示例代码2：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

doc = {
    "mappings": {
        "properties": {
            "grade": {
                "type": "long"
            },
            "id": {
                "type": "long"
            },
            "name": {
                "type": "text",
                "fields": {
                    "keyword": {
                        "type": "keyword",
                        "ignore_above": 256
                    }
                }
            },
            "sex": {
                "type": "text",
                "fields": {
                    "keyword": {
                        "type": "keyword",
                        "ignore_above": 256
                    }
                }
            },
            "subject": {
                "type": "text",
                "fields": {
                    "keyword": {
                        "type": "keyword",
                        "ignore_above": 256
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

# 创建索引
res = es.index(index="test_index", id=1, document=doc)
print(res)
print(res['result'])
print("*" * 100)

# 创建索引
res2 = es.index(index='test_index2', document=doc)
print(res2)
print(res2['result'])
print("*" * 100)

# 创建索引  res3运行两次会报错
res3 = es.indices.create(index="test_index3", body=doc)
print(res3)
# print(res3['result'])  # 注意：此行运行会报错
print("*" * 100)

# 创建索引  res4多次执行会报错
res4 = es.create(index='test_index4', id=1, document=doc)
print(res4)
print(res4['result'])

运行结果：

示例代码3：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from datetime import datetime


es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

doc = {
    'author': 'dgw',
    'text': 'Elasticsearch: cool. bonsai cool.',
    'timestamp': datetime.now(),
}

res = es.index(index="test_index", id=1, document=doc)
print(res)
print(res['result'])

运行结果：

2.查询索引

示例代码：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from datetime import datetime

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

doc = {
    'author': 'dgw',
    'text': 'Elasticsearch: cool. bonsai cool.',
    'timestamp': datetime.now(),
}

# 创建索引
res = es.index(index="test_index", id=1, document=doc)
print(res)
print(res['result'])

# 查询数据
res2 = es.get(index="test_index", id=1)
print(res2)
print(res2['_source'])

es.indices.refresh(index="test_index")

query = {
    "match_all": {}
}
res3 = es.search(index='test_index', query=query)
print(res3)
print("Got %d Hits:" % res3['hits']['total']['value'])
for hit in res3['hits']['hits']:
    print("%(timestamp)s %(author)s: %(text)s" % hit["_source"])

运行结果：

3.删除索引

示例代码：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

# 判断索引是否存在，存在则删除索引
if es.indices.exists(index="test_index"):
    print('test_index索引存在，即将删除')
    es.indices.delete(index="test_index")
else:
    print('test_index索引不存在！')

运行结果：

4.判断索引是否存在

        为防止在创建索引的时候出现重复，产生错误，在创建之前最好判断一下索引是否存在。

示例代码：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://47.93.5.86:9200')
# print(es)

doc = {
    "mappings": {
        "properties": {
            "grade": {
                "type": "long"
            },
            "id": {
                "type": "long"
            },
            "name": {
                "type": "text",
                "fields": {
                    "keyword": {
                        "type": "keyword",
                        "ignore_above": 256
                    }
                }
            },
            "sex": {
                "type": "text",
                "fields": {
                    "keyword": {
                        "type": "keyword",
                        "ignore_above": 256
                    }
                }
            },
            "subject": {
                "type": "text",
                "fields": {
                    "keyword": {
                        "type": "keyword",
                        "ignore_above": 256
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

# 创建索引
res = es.index(index="test_index", id=1, document=doc)
print(res)
print(res['result'])

# 判断索引是否存在
es_exist = es.exists(index="test_index", id=2)
print(es_exist)

# 判断索引是否存在
es_exist = es.indices.exists(index='test_index')
print(es_exist)

运行结果：

5.添加数据

示例代码：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

doc = {
    'mappings': {
        'properties': {
            'name': {
                'type': 'text'
            },
            'id': {
                'type': 'integer'
            },
        }
    }
}

# 判断索引是否存在，存在则删除索引
if es.indices.exists(index="test_index"):
    print('test_index索引存在，即将删除')
    es.indices.delete(index="test_index")
else:
    print('索引不存在！可以创建')

# 创建索引
res = es.indices.create(index="test_index", body=doc)
print(res)
print("*" * 100)

# 添加数据
es.index(index="test_index", id='1', document={"name": "北京张三", "id": 1})
es.index(index="test_index", id='2', document={"name": "河北李四", "id": 2})

# 查询数据
res = es.get(index="test_index", id=1)
print(res)

运行结果：

6.查询数据

示例代码：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
import time

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

doc = {
    'mappings': {
        'properties': {
            'name': {
                'type': 'text'
            },
            'id': {
                'type': 'integer'
            },
        }
    }
}

# 判断索引是否存在，存在则删除索引
if es.indices.exists(index="test_index"):
    print('test_index索引存在，即将删除')
    es.indices.delete(index="test_index")
else:
    print('索引不存在！可以创建')

# 创建索引
res = es.indices.create(index="test_index", body=doc)
print(res)
print("*" * 100)

# 添加数据
es.index(index="test_index", id='1', document={"name": "北京张三", "id": 1})
es.index(index="test_index", id='2', document={"name": "河北李四", "id": 2})
es.index(index="test_index", id='3', document={"name": "北京王五", "id": 3})

time.sleep(1)  # 如果不加时间停顿的话，下面查询的结果为空，上面添加数据需要时间

# 查询数据
# 使用get查询数据
res = es.get(index="test_index", id=1)
print(res)
print("*" * 100)

# 使用search查询数据
query1 = {
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "from": 0,
    "size": 10
}
res2 = es.search(index="test_index", body=query1)
print(res2)
print("*" * 100)

# 精确查找term
query2 = {
    "query": {
        "term": {
            "name": {
                "value": "北"
            }
        }
    }
}
res2 = es.search(index="test_index", body=query2)
print(res2)
print("*" * 100)

# 精确查找terms
query3 = {
    "query": {
        "terms": {
            "name": [
                "张",
                "李"
            ]
        }
    }
}
res3 = es.search(index="test_index", body=query3)
print(res3)
print("*" * 100)

# 模糊查找match
query4 = {
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "name": "京"
        }
    }
}
res = es.search(index="test_index", body=query4)
print(res)
print("*" * 100)

# 查询id和name包含
query5 = {
    "query": {
        "multi_match": {
            "query": "张三",
            "fields": ["name"]
        }
    }
}
res = es.search(index="test_index", body=query5)
print(res)
print("*" * 100)

# 搜索出id为1或者2的所有数据
query6 = {
    "query": {
        "ids": {
            "type": "_doc",
            "values": ["1", "2"]
        }
    }
}
res = es.search(index="test_index", body=query6)
print(res)
print("*" * 100)

运行结果：

test_index索引存在，即将删除
{'acknowledged': True, 'shards_acknowledged': True, 'index': 'test_index'}
****************************************************************************************************
{'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '1', '_version': 1, '_seq_no': 0, '_primary_term': 1, 'found': True, '_source': {'name': '北京张三', 'id': 1}}
****************************************************************************************************
{'took': 0, 'timed_out': False, '_shards': {'total': 1, 'successful': 1, 'skipped': 0, 'failed': 0}, 'hits': {'total': {'value': 3, 'relation': 'eq'}, 'max_score': 1.0, 'hits': [{'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '1', '_score': 1.0, '_source': {'name': '北京张三', 'id': 1}}, {'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '2', '_score': 1.0, '_source': {'name': '河北李四', 'id': 2}}, {'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '3', '_score': 1.0, '_source': {'name': '北京王五', 'id': 3}}]}}
****************************************************************************************************
{'took': 0, 'timed_out': False, '_shards': {'total': 1, 'successful': 1, 'skipped': 0, 'failed': 0}, 'hits': {'total': {'value': 3, 'relation': 'eq'}, 'max_score': 0.13353139, 'hits': [{'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '1', '_score': 0.13353139, '_source': {'name': '北京张三', 'id': 1}}, {'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '2', '_score': 0.13353139, '_source': {'name': '河北李四', 'id': 2}}, {'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '3', '_score': 0.13353139, '_source': {'name': '北京王五', 'id': 3}}]}}
****************************************************************************************************
{'took': 0, 'timed_out': False, '_shards': {'total': 1, 'successful': 1, 'skipped': 0, 'failed': 0}, 'hits': {'total': {'value': 2, 'relation': 'eq'}, 'max_score': 1.0, 'hits': [{'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '1', '_score': 1.0, '_source': {'name': '北京张三', 'id': 1}}, {'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '2', '_score': 1.0, '_source': {'name': '河北李四', 'id': 2}}]}}
****************************************************************************************************
{'took': 0, 'timed_out': False, '_shards': {'total': 1, 'successful': 1, 'skipped': 0, 'failed': 0}, 'hits': {'total': {'value': 2, 'relation': 'eq'}, 'max_score': 0.4700036, 'hits': [{'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '1', '_score': 0.4700036, '_source': {'name': '北京张三', 'id': 1}}, {'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '3', '_score': 0.4700036, '_source': {'name': '北京王五', 'id': 3}}]}}
****************************************************************************************************
{'took': 0, 'timed_out': False, '_shards': {'total': 1, 'successful': 1, 'skipped': 0, 'failed': 0}, 'hits': {'total': {'value': 1, 'relation': 'eq'}, 'max_score': 1.9616582, 'hits': [{'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '1', '_score': 1.9616582, '_source': {'name': '北京张三', 'id': 1}}]}}
****************************************************************************************************
{'took': 0, 'timed_out': False, '_shards': {'total': 1, 'successful': 1, 'skipped': 0, 'failed': 0}, 'hits': {'total': {'value': 2, 'relation': 'eq'}, 'max_score': 1.0, 'hits': [{'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '1', '_score': 1.0, '_source': {'name': '北京张三', 'id': 1}}, {'_index': 'test_index', '_type': '_doc', '_id': '2', '_score': 1.0, '_source': {'name': '河北李四', 'id': 2}}]}}
****************************************************************************************************

7.复合查询数据

示例代码：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

query = {
    "query": {
        "bool": {
            "must": [
                {
                    "term": {
                        "name": {
                            "value": "张"
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "term": {
                        "id": {
                            "value": "1"
                        }
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

res = es.search(index="test_index", body=query)
print(res)

运行结果：

8.切片查询数据

示例代码：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

query = {
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "from": 0,
    "size": 2
}

res = es.search(index="test_index", body=query)
print(res)

运行结果：

9.范围查询数据

示例代码：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

query = {
    "query": {
        "range": {
            "id": {
                "gte": 1,
                "lte": 2
            }
        }
    }
}

res = es.search(index="test_index", body=query)
print(res)

运行结果：

10.前缀查询数据

示例代码：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

# 查询前缀为“张”的数据。注意：这个要看分词后的前缀
query = {
    "query": {
        "prefix": {
            "name": {
                "value": "张"
            }
        }
    }
}

res = es.search(index="test_index", body=query)
print(res)

运行结果：

11.通配符查询

示例代码：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

# 查询前缀为“张”的数据。注意：这个要看分词后的前缀
query = {
    "query": {
        "wildcard": {
            "name": {
                "value": "三"
            }
        }
    }
}

res = es.search(index="test_index", body=query)
print(res)

运行结果：

12.查询数据排序

示例代码：

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(hosts='http://127.0.0.1:9200')
# print(es)

# 查询前缀为“张”的数据。注意：这个要看分词后的前缀
query = {
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "sort": [
        {
            "id": {
                "order": "desc"  # asc升序，desc降序
            }
        }
    ]
}

res = es.search(index="test_index", body=query)
print(res)

运行结果：

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