C/C++结构体使用总结

声明结构体与初始化

结构体数组

定义结构体

struct A{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
}

结构体初始化

1. 声明后初始化

	struct A a1;
	a1.name = "zzj";
	a1.age = 21;
	a1.score = 80;
	cout << a1.name<<" "<<a1.age << " " <<a1.score << endl;//zzj 21 80

2. 声明同时初始化

struct A a2 = { "mhz",22,99};
cout << a2.name << " " << a2.age << " " << a2.score << endl;//mhz 22 99

3. 定义结构体的时候直接声明

struct A{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
}a3;//s3表示定义结构体变量s3

a3.name = "mhzzj";
a3.age = 9999;
a3.score = 100;
cout << a3.name << " " << a3.age << " " << a3.score << endl;//mhzzj 9999 100

结构体数组

struct A {
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

int main() {
	
	//定义结构体的同时初始化
	//struct A arr[4]; 声明结构体数组
	//声明结构体数组的同时进行初始化
	struct A arr[4] = {
		{ "zzj",21,80},
		{ "mhz",22,99},
		{ "mhzzj",100,9999}
	};
	int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);//求数组的长度
	//给结构体数组赋初值
	arr[3] = { "wyq",100,100 };
	//结构体数组遍历
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
		cout << arr[i].name << " " << arr[i].age << " " << arr[i].score << endl;
}

运行结果

zzj 21 80
mhz 22 99
mhzzj 100 9999
wyq 100 100

结构体引用

struct A {
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};
void printStu(struct A& p);//声明函数，放在后面实现
int main() {
	struct A a = { "mhzzj",100,9999 };
	struct A& p = a;
	printStu(p);//mhzzj 100 9999
}

void printStu(struct A& p) {
	cout << p.name << " " << p.age << " " << p.score << endl;//mhzzj 100 9999
}

结构体指针

struct A {
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

int main() {
	struct A a = { "mhzzj",100,9999 };
	struct A* p = &a;
	cout << p->name << " " << p->age << " " << p->score << endl;//mhzzj 100 9999
}

结构体嵌套

struct A {
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

struct B {
	string name;
	int id;
	struct A a;
};

int main() {
	struct B b = { "mhzzj",100,{"zzj",21,80} };
	struct B* p = &b;
	cout << p->name << " " << p->id << " " 
		<< p->a.name << " " << p->a.age << " " << p->a.score << endl;//mhzzj 100 zzj 21 80
}