expect是一个自动化交互套件，主要应用于执行命令和程序时，系统以交互形式要求输入指定字符串，实现交互通信。
expect自动交互流程：
spawn启动指定进程—expect获取指定关键字—send向指定程序发送指定字符—执行完成退出.
expect 参数
spawn 交互程序开始后面跟命令或者指定程序
expect 获取匹配信息匹配成功则执行expect后面的程序动作
send exp_send 用于发送指定的字符串信息
exp_continue 在expect中多次匹配就需要用到
send_user 用来打印输出 相当于shell中的echo
exit 退出expect脚本
eof expect执行结束 退出
set 定义变量
puts 输出变量
set timeout 设置超时时间
1、在linux系统中/root/目录下有一个文件ip.ini,内容如下：
192.168.149.131,root,nihao123!,
192.168.149.132,root,nihao123@
每一行的格式分别为linux服务的IP 用户 密码,用一个shell脚本批量查看着看这些服务器的主机名；
脚本代码如下： 一个expect.sh脚本 一个exe.sh脚本,用来调用expect.sh
[root@localhost_002 shell]# cat expect.sh
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set host [lindex $argv 0] # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
set use [lindex $argv 1] # 接收第2个参数,作为use
set passwd [lindex $argv 2] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
spawn ssh $use@$host # 发送ssh请求
expect { # 返回信息匹配
"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue } # 第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续
"*password:" { send "$passwd\r" } # 出现密码提示,发送密码
expect "#*"
send "hostname\r"
expect "#*"
send "exit\r"
[root@localhost_002 shell]# cat exe.sh
#!/bin/bash
cat ip.ini|while read line
do
ip=`echo $line |awk -F ',' '{print $1}'`
ur=`echo $line |awk -F ',' '{print $2}'`
pw=`echo $line |awk -F ',' '{print $3}'`
./expect.sh $ip $ur $pw
done
执行代码：
[root@localhost_002 shell]# sh exe.sh
spawn ssh -p 52588 root@192.168.149.131
Last login: Sun Mar 10 12:14:56 2019 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_03 ~]# hostname
localhost_03
expect是一种脚本语言,通过它可以实现传输,上线代码,可以实现远程执行命令,不需要输入密码
首先准备一台模板机器(最新的代码待上线),然后给下面分发代码的多台台机器上线,机器的IP,对应用户的密码,然通过expect,借助rsync来上传代码,可以用expect去登录执行某些命令：
1:expect脚本安装：
yum install -y expect （安装包和mkpasswd是一起的）
示例1：自动远程登录,并执行一些命令：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 1.expect
#! /usr/bin/expect
set host "192.168.149.129"
set passwd "nihao123!"
set port "-p 56888"
spawn ssh $port root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
##expect eof 表示登录远程机器后,暂停一两秒钟后退出：
interact
注释：在expect中定义变量需要set host才可以：
注释：在文件里 expect { }这里是保证登录信息,第一次登录时候,则需要yes记录登录信息,下一次则不需要了,需要清空 >/root/.ssh/known_hosts才可以:
exp_continue表示继续/r换行, interact表示继续停留在这台机器不退出：如果不加的话则登录后马上退出：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ssh -p 56888 192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password:
#因为我们以前登录过,所有不询问为了安全性,是否需要还继续链接：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# > /root/.ssh/
authorized_keys authorized_keys_xshell id_rsa.pub
authorized_keys.bakup id_rsa known_hosts
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# > /root/.ssh/known_hosts #清空这个文件里面的信息：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ssh -p 56888 192.168.149.129 #再次登录时则会询问：
The authenticity of host '[192.168.149.129]:56888 ([192.168.149.129]:56888)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mtOEV1y+2ErXFWqQRL0rYCQGGuVE7z4n1is+2dPQc7E.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d9:f7:03:de:c4:f5:40:89:be:3c:25:6d:70:6a:49:a5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./1.expect
-bash: ./1.expect: 权限不够
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 1.expect
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./1.expect
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
The authenticity of host '[192.168.149.129]:56888 ([192.168.149.129]:56888)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mtOEV1y+2ErXFWqQRL0rYCQGGuVE7z4n1is+2dPQc7E.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d9:f7:03:de:c4:f5:40:89:be:3c:25:6d:70:6a:49:a5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.149.129]:56888' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.149.129's password:
Last login: Thu Oct 4 00:33:35 2018 from 192.168.149.135
[root@localhost_02 ~]#
expect远程执行命令：
远程执行完命令,并退出：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 2.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user "root"
set passwd "nihao123!"
set port "-p 56888"
spawn ssh $port $user@192.168.180.135
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "touch /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
注释：expect “]*” 星号表示通配,匹配右边的所有字符(不管是root用户普通用户)：
注释：send 表示执行这个命令：
3:需要加执行权限并执行这个命令：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 2.expect
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ll 2.expect
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 307 10月 4 16:09 2.expect
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./2.expect
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password:
Last login: Thu Oct 4 06:00:22 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# touch /tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost_02 ~]# echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt
然后在129这台机器上查看是否创建成功：
[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls /tmp/12.txt
/tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost_02 ~]# cat /tmp/12.txt
1212
4、expect脚本传递参数：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 3.expect
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# cat 3.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set port [lindex $argv 0]
#第一个参数,如果端口还是默认的22,则不需要定义次参数,依次往下定义即可：
set user [lindex $argv 1]
#第二个参数
set host [lindex $argv 2]
#第三个参数
set passwd "nihao123!"
set cm [lindex $argv 3]
#第四参数
spawn ssh -p $port $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
1:增加执行权限： chmod +x 3.expect
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 3.expect
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ll 3.expect
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 369 10月 4 16:37 3.expect
2:执行此脚本：
./3.expect 第一个参数(port) 第二个参数(user) 第三个参数(host) 第四个参数(command)
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 ls
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password:
Last login: Thu Oct 4 06:24:37 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls
1 anaconda-ks.cfg bash CentOS7-Base-163.repo link shell test test.txt
同样,也支持多条参数： 多条命令最后用双引号括住,然后用分号分割则可以：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 "ls;w"
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password:
Last login: Thu Oct 4 06:32:46 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls;w
1 anaconda-ks.cfg bash CentOS7-Base-163.repo link shell test test.txt
06:32:57 up 19:42, 2 users, load average: 0.42, 0.23, 0.16
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 192.168.149.130 06:32 1.00s 0.02s 0.01s w
root pts/1 192.168.149.135 00:33 26:57 0.03s 0.03s -bash
注释：如果是执行多条命令的话,也可以传递多个参数,如果要是把多个命令当成一个参数来传递的话,则需要用双引号引起来,并且用分号分割才可以：
同样：当我们传递第四个参数时: vmstat模式超时时间是10秒：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 "w;vmstat 1"
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password:
Last failed login: Thu Oct 4 06:56:10 CST 2018 from 192.168.149.130 on ssh:notty
There were 2 failed login attempts since the last successful login.
Last login: Thu Oct 4 06:37:26 2018 from 192.168.149.130
注释：也可以设置永不超时： 需要在执行命令(也就是第四个参数)后面添加 set timeout -1
expect “]*”
send "$cm\r"
#set timeout -1 #表示永不超时：
#set timeout 5 #也可以手动指定具体的秒数: 本次5ms：
expect "]*"
send “exit\r”
1、 expect同步文件： 自动同步文件; 一台机器向一台机器同步文件：
1:在一台机器上,把文件同步到其他机器上;并添加执行权限：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# cat 4.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "nihao123!"
spawn rsync -av -e "ssh -p 56888" root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send $passwd\r}
}
expect eof
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 4.expect
2:执行这个脚本: ./4.expect 并查看同步后的文件内容：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./4.expect
spawn rsync -av -e ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
root@192.168.149.129's password:
receiving incremental file list
12.txt
sent 43 bytes received 96 bytes 278.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5 speedup is 0.04
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ls /tmp/12.txt
/tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ll /tmp/12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Oct 4 06:04 /tmp/12.txt
注释：expect eof表示只有spawn执行命令的结果才会被expect捕捉到,因为spawn会启动一个进程,只有这个进程相关信息才会被捕捉到,注意包括标准输入的提示信息,eof 和timeout：
如下测试,注释掉expect eof,则还没来得及传输了,就退出来了(仅仅到输入密码的那里)
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 4.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "nihao123!"
spawn rsync -av -e "ssh -p 56888" root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send $passwd\r}
}
#expect eof #注释掉：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# rm -fr /tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./4.expect
spawn rsync -av -e ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
root@192.168.149.129's password: [root@localhost_01 sbin]#
2、expect指定host和要同步的文件：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# cat 5.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "nihao123!"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av -e "ssh -p 56888" $file root@$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect eof
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 5.expect
注释：用变量定义的文件所在目录要写绝对路径才可：
如：同步本机目录/tmp/12.txt到远端主机192.168.149.129的/tmp/目录下：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./5.expect 192.168.149.129 "/tmp/12.txt"
spawn rsync -av -e ssh -p 56888 /tmp/12.txt root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt
root@192.168.149.129's password:
sending incremental file list
12.txt
sent 100 bytes received 35 bytes 90.00 bytes/sec
total size is 9 speedup is 0.07
注释：因为同步rsync需要借助ssh的端口,如果是默认的22端口或者自定义的,那如果有多台机器的ssh的端口各不相同,那是否可以把port当成一个参数来传递：如下：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 5.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "nihao123!"
set port [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set file [lindex $argv 2]
spawn rsync -av -e "ssh -p $port" $file root@$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect eof
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./5.expect 56888 192.168.149.129 "/tmp/12.txt"
spawn rsync -av -e ssh -p 56888 /tmp/12.txt root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt
root@192.168.149.129's password:
sending incremental file list
sent 44 bytes received 12 bytes 37.33 bytes/sec
total size is 9 speedup is 0.16
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