介绍：
ls（英文全拼：list files）命令用于显示指定工作目录下之内容（列出目前工作目录所含之文件及子目录)。
语法：
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
ls [参数] [目录名]
常用参数：
- -a 显示所有文件及目录 (. 开头的隐藏文件也会列出)
- -l 除文件名称外，亦将文件型态、权限、拥有者、文件大小等资讯详细列出
- -r 将文件以相反次序显示(原定依英文字母次序)
- -t 将文件依建立时间之先后次序列出
- -A 同 -a ，但不列出 “.” (目前目录) 及 “…” (父目录)
- -F 在列出的文件名称后加一符号；例如可执行档则加 “*”, 目录则加 “/”
- -R 若目录下有文件，则以下之文件亦皆依序列出
- -S 以文件大小排序显示，默认从大到小 -r后，从小到大
- -U 按存放顺序排序显示
- -X 按扩展名的首字母来排序
- -d 不展开目录，只显示目录自身，一般与-l配合使用以显示目录自身的属性信息（只显示当前目录的内容）
实例：
1.列出根目录()下的所有目录
[root@localhost ~]# ls /
bin blog boot data datavolume dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
2.使用长清单模式来列出文件和目录，可以详细的看出文件或文件夹的大小、权限、时间戳、所有者等信息
可以直接使用ll，和ls -a相同
[root@localhost /]# ls -l
total 72
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jul 11 2019 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Oct 21 15:15 blog
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jul 4 2020 boot
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 4 16:43 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 23 17:31 datavolume
drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 2960 Jul 4 2020 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 77 root root 4096 Jan 4 17:42 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Aug 4 16:32 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jul 11 2019 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jul 11 2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Jul 11 2019 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 15 14:37 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 99 root root 0 Jul 4 2020 proc
dr-xr-x---. 17 root root 4096 Jan 23 11:12 root
drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 760 Dec 24 04:14 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Jul 11 2019 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Dec 23 17:28 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 8 root root 4096 Feb 2 03:29 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Jul 11 2019 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 Jun 18 2020 var
3.只显示root文件夹下的隐藏文件和目录，不显示正常文件，并且按照大小排序显示
[root@localhost /]# ls -dlS /root/.*
-rw------- 1 root root 24302 Jan 23 11:12 /root/.bash_history
-rw------- 1 root root 7939 Jan 23 11:12 /root/.mysql_history
-rw------- 1 root root 6718 Jan 9 16:19 /root/.viminfo
dr-xr-x---. 17 root root 4096 Jan 23 11:12 /root/.
dr-xr-xr-x. 21 root root 4096 Dec 23 17:25 /root/..
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jun 18 2020 /root/.cache
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun 18 2020 /root/.cmake
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Sep 5 13:55 /root/.config
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Dec 17 17:35 /root/.docker
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun 18 2020 /root/.local
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Oct 6 09:50 /root/.npm
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 11 2019 /root/.pip
drwxr----- 3 root root 4096 Jun 18 2020 /root/.pki
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 5 16:58 /root/.ssh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 205 Jun 18 2020 /root/.pydistutils.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 187 Jun 18 2020 /root/.pearrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 /root/.bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 /root/.bashrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129 Dec 29 2013 /root/.tcshrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 113 Oct 6 14:09 /root/.gitconfig
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Dec 29 2013 /root/.cshrc
-rw------- 1 root root 83 Dec 8 17:42 /root/.rediscli_history
-rw------- 1 root root 45 Nov 18 15:38 /root/.git-credentials
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Dec 29 2013 /root/.bash_logout
4.只列出根目录下的所有文件夹
[root@localhost /]# ls -dl */
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 32768 Jan 5 15:29 bin/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Oct 21 15:15 blog/
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jul 4 2020 boot/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 4 16:43 data/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 23 17:31 datavolume/
drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 2960 Jul 4 2020 dev/
drwxr-xr-x. 77 root root 4096 Jan 4 17:42 etc/
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Aug 4 16:32 home/
dr-xr-xr-x. 31 root root 4096 Dec 8 15:59 lib/
dr-xr-xr-x. 45 root root 36864 Dec 15 14:33 lib64/
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Jul 11 2019 lost+found/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 11 2018 media/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 11 2018 mnt/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 15 14:37 opt/
dr-xr-xr-x 99 root root 0 Jul 4 2020 proc/
dr-xr-x---. 17 root root 4096 Jan 23 11:12 root/
drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 760 Dec 24 04:14 run/
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 12288 Jan 30 04:42 sbin/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 11 2018 srv/
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Dec 23 17:28 sys/
drwxrwxrwt. 8 root root 4096 Feb 2 03:29 tmp/
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Jul 11 2019 usr/
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 Jun 18 2020 var/
5.查找etc文件夹下，以d开头f结尾的文件
[root@localhost /]# ls -dl /etc/m*f
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5171 Oct 31 2018 /etc/man_db.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 936 Apr 1 2020 /etc/mke2fs.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1008 Jan 4 17:42 /etc/my.cnf
6.查找bin文件夹下以d开头的文件，并且按照建立时间排序，越新的排在后面
[root@localhost /]# ls -ltr /bin/d*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 45392 Jun 10 2014 /bin/dc
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 96760 Jun 10 2014 /bin/dbus-binding-tool
...
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 62200 Aug 20 2019 /bin/date
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 57137 Apr 1 2020 /bin/dracut
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 49680 Apr 1 2020 /bin/dmesg
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3177968 May 12 2020 /bin/dwp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8071 May 13 2020 /bin/debuginfo-install
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jul 4 2020 /bin/dnsdomainname -> hostname
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jul 4 2020 /bin/domainname -> hostname
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3858 Dec 15 12:30 /bin/dockerd-rootless.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12607 Dec 15 12:30 /bin/dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3741648 Dec 15 12:35 /bin/docker-proxy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 116277624 Dec 15 12:37 /bin/dockerd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 849104 Dec 15 12:37 /bin/docker-init
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 71620680 Dec 15 12:38 /bin/docker
7.查看当前文件夹下的详细信息，并隐藏用户和用户组
[root@localhost /]# ls -lgG
total 72
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 7 Jul 11 2019 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 9 4096 Oct 21 15:15 blog
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 4096 Jul 4 2020 boot
drwxr-xr-x 2 4096 Aug 4 16:43 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 4096 Dec 23 17:31 datavolume
drwxr-xr-x 19 2960 Jul 4 2020 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 77 4096 Jan 4 17:42 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 6 4096 Aug 4 16:32 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 7 Jul 11 2019 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 9 Jul 11 2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------. 2 16384 Jul 11 2019 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 3 4096 Dec 15 14:37 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 100 0 Jul 4 2020 proc
dr-xr-x---. 17 4096 Jan 23 11:12 root
drwxr-xr-x 26 760 Dec 24 04:14 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 8 Jul 11 2019 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 0 Dec 23 17:28 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 8 4096 Feb 2 03:29 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 4096 Jul 11 2019 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 19 4096 Jun 18 2020 var
如果有记不住的参数，也可以通过ls –help或者man ls来查看帮助信息
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