Flask的图形化管理界面搭建框架Flask-Admin的使用教程4文章来源：菜鸟教程https://www.piaodoo.com 欢迎大家相互学习

中专学校排名http://www.buzc.org/

茂名论坛http://www.nrso.net/

项目地址：https://flask-admin.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

example/simple
这是最简单的一个样例，可以帮助我们快速、直观的了解基本概念，学会定制Flask-Admin的界面
simple.py：

from flask import Flask

from flask.ext import admin

Create custom admin view

class MyAdminView(admin.BaseView):
@admin.expose(’/’)
def index(self):
return self.render(‘myadmin.html’)

class AnotherAdminView(admin.BaseView):
@admin.expose(’/’)
def index(self):
return self.render(‘anotheradmin.html’)

@admin.expose(’/test/’)
def test(self):
return self.render(‘test.html’)

Create flask app

app = Flask(name, template_folder=‘templates’)
app.debug = True

Flask views

@app.route(’/’)
def index():
return ‘<a href="/admin/">Click me to get to Admin!</a>’

Create admin interface

admin = admin.Admin()
admin.add_view(MyAdminView(category=‘Test’))
admin.add_view(AnotherAdminView(category=‘Test’))
admin.init_app(app)

if name == ‘main’:

Start app

app.run()

在这里可以看到运行效果

BaseView

name: view在页面上表现为一个menu（超链接），menu name == 'name'，缺省就用小写的class name
category: 如果多个view有相同的category就全部放到一个dropdown里面（dropdown name=='category'）
endpoint: 假设endpoint='xxx'，则可以用url_for(xxx.index)，也能改变页面URL（/admin/xxx）
url: 页面URL，优先级url > endpoint > class name
static_folder: static目录的路径
static_url_path: static目录的URL
anotheradmin.html:

{% extends 'admin/master.html' %}
{% block body %}
  Hello World from AnotherMyAdmin!<br/>
  <a href="{{ url_for('.test') }}">Click me to go to test view</a>
{% endblock %}

如果AnotherAdminView增加参数endpoint='xxx'，那这里就可以写成url_for('xxx.text')，然后页面URL会由/admin/anotheradminview/变成/admin/xxx
如果同时指定参数url='aaa'，那页面URL会变成/admin/aaa，url优先级比endpoint高
Admin

class MenuItem(object):
  """
    Simple menu tree hierarchy.
  """
  def __init__(self, name, view=None):
    self.name = name
    self._view = view
    self._children = []
    self._children_urls = set()
    self._cached_url = None
    self.url = None
    if view is not None:
      self.url = view.url

def add_child(self, view):
self._children.append(view)
self._children_urls.add(view.url)

class Admin(object):

def init(self, app=None, name=None,
url=None, subdomain=None,
index_view=None,
translations_path=None,
endpoint=None,
static_url_path=None,
base_template=None):

self.app = app

self.translations_path = translations_path

self._views = []
self._menu = []
self._menu_categories = dict()
self._menu_links = []

if name is None:
  name = 'Admin'
self.name = name

self.index_view = index_view or AdminIndexView(endpoint=endpoint, url=url)
self.endpoint = endpoint or self.index_view.endpoint
self.url = url or self.index_view.url
self.static_url_path = static_url_path
self.subdomain = subdomain
self.base_template = base_template or 'admin/base.html'

# Add predefined index view
self.add_view(self.index_view)

# Register with application
if app is not None:
  self._init_extension()

def add_view(self, view):

# Add to views
self._views.append(view)

# If app was provided in constructor, register view with Flask app
if self.app is not None:
  self.app.register_blueprint(view.create_blueprint(self))
  self._add_view_to_menu(view)

def _add_view_to_menu(self, view):

if view.category:
  category = self._menu_categories.get(view.category)

  if category is None:
    category = MenuItem(view.category)
    self._menu_categories[view.category] = category
    self._menu.append(category)

  category.add_child(MenuItem(view.name, view))
else:
  self._menu.append(MenuItem(view.name, view))

def init_app(self, app):

self.app = app

self._init_extension()

# Register views
for view in self._views:
  app.register_blueprint(view.create_blueprint(self))
  self._add_view_to_menu(view)

从上面的代码可以看出init_app(app)和Admin(app=app)是一样的：
将每个view注册为blueprint（Flask里的概念，可以简单理解为模块）
记录所有view，以及所属的category和url
AdminIndexView

name: 缺省'Home'
endpoint: 缺省'admin'
url: 缺省'/admin'
如果要封装出自己的view，可以参照AdminIndexView的写法：

class AdminIndexView(BaseView):

def init(self, name=None, category=None,
endpoint=None, url=None,
template=‘admin/index.html’):
super(AdminIndexView, self).init(name or babel.lazy_gettext(‘Home’),
category,
endpoint or ‘admin’,
url or ‘/admin’,
‘static’)
self._template = template

@expose()
def index(self):
return self.render(self._template)
base_template

base_template缺省是/admin/base.html，是页面的主要代码（基于bootstrap），它里面又import admin/layout.html；
layout是一些宏，主要用于展开、显示menu；
在模板中使用一些变量来取出之前注册view时保存的信息（如menu name和url等）：
# admin/layout.html (部分)

{% macro menu() %}
 {% for item in admin_view.admin.menu() %}
  {% if item.is_category() %}
   {% set children = item.get_children() %}
   {% if children %}
    {% if item.is_active(admin_view) %}<li class="active dropdown">{% else %}<li class="dropdown">{% endif %}
     <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:void(0)">{{ item.name }}<b class="caret"></b></a>
     <ul class="dropdown-menu">
      {% for child in children %}
       {% if child.is_active(admin_view) %}<li class="active">{% else %}<li>{% endif %}
        <a href="{{ child.get_url() }}">{{ child.name }}</a>
       </li>
      {% endfor %}
     </ul>
    </li>
   {% endif %}
  {% else %}
   {% if item.is_accessible() and item.is_visible() %}
    {% if item.is_active(admin_view) %}<li class="active">{% else %}<li>{% endif %}
     <a href="{{ item.get_url() }}">{{ item.name }}</a>
    </li>
   {% endif %}
  {% endif %}
 {% endfor %}
{% endmacro %}

example/file
这个样例能帮助我们快速搭建起文件管理界面，但我们的重点是学习使用ActionsMixin模块
file.py：

import os
import os.path as op

from flask import Flask

from flask.ext import admin
from flask.ext.admin.contrib import fileadmin

Create flask app

app = Flask(name, template_folder=‘templates’, static_folder=‘files’)

Create dummy secrey key so we can use flash

app.config[‘SECRET_KEY’] = ‘123456790’

Flask views

@app.route(’/’)
def index():
return ‘<a href="/admin/">Click me to get to Admin!</a>’

if name == ‘main’:

Create directory

path = op.join(op.dirname(file), ‘files’)
try:
os.mkdir(path)
except OSError:
pass

Create admin interface

admin = admin.Admin(app)
admin.add_view(fileadmin.FileAdmin(path, ‘/files/’, name=‘Files’))

Start app

app.run(debug=True)

FileAdmin是已经写好的的一个view，直接用即可：

base_path: 文件存放的相对路径
base_url: 文件目录的URL
FileAdmin中和ActionsMixin相关代码如下：
class FileAdmin(BaseView, ActionsMixin):

  def __init__(self, base_path, base_url,
         name=None, category=None, endpoint=None, url=None,
         verify_path=True):
self.init_actions()

@expose(’/action/’, methods=(‘POST’,))
def action_view(self):
return self.handle_action()

Actions

@action(‘delete’,
lazy_gettext(‘Delete’),
lazy_gettext(‘Are you sure you want to delete these files?’))
def action_delete(self, items):
if not self.can_delete:
flash(gettext(‘File deletion is disabled.’), ‘error’)
return

for path in items:
base_path, full_path, path = self._normalize_path(path)

if self.is_accessible_path(path):
  try:
    os.remove(full_path)
    flash(gettext('File "%(name)s" was successfully deleted.', name=path))
  except Exception as ex:
    flash(gettext('Failed to delete file: %(name)s', name=ex), 'error')

@action(‘edit’, lazy_gettext(‘Edit’))
def action_edit(self, items):
return redirect(url_for(’.edit’, path=items))
@action()用于wrap跟在后面的函数，这里的作用就是把参数保存起来：
def action(name, text, confirmation=None)
def wrap(f):
f._action = (name, text, confirmation)
return f

return wrap

name: action name
text: 可用于按钮名称
confirmation: 弹框确认信息
init_actions()把所有action的信息保存到ActionsMixin里面：

# 调试信息
_actions = [('delete', lu'Delete'), ('edit', lu'Edit')]
_actions_data = {'edit': (<bound method FileAdmin.action_edit of <flask_admin.contrib.fileadmin.FileAdmin object at 0x1aafc50>>, lu'Edit', None), 'delete': (<bound method FileAdmin.action_delete of <flask_admin.contrib.fileadmin.FileAdmin object at 0x1aafc50>>, lu'Delete', lu'Are you sure you want to delete these files?')}

action_view()用于处理POST给/action/的请求，然后调用handle_action()，它再调用不同的action处理，最后返回当前页面：

# 省略无关代码
def handle_action(self, return_view=None):

action = request.form.get(‘action’)
ids = request.form.getlist(‘rowid’)

handler = self._actions_data.get(action)

if handler and self.is_action_allowed(action):
response = handler0

if response is not None:
  return response

if not return_view:
url = url_for(’.’ + self._default_view)
else:
url = url_for(’.’ + return_view)

return redirect(url)

ids是一个文件清单，作为参数传给action处理函数（参数items）：

# 调试信息
ids: [u'1.png', u'2.png']

再分析页面代码，Files页面对应文件为admin/file/list.html，重点看With selected下拉菜单相关代码：
{% import 'admin/actions.html' as actionslib with context %}

{% if actions %}
  <div class="btn-group">
    {{ actionslib.dropdown(actions, 'dropdown-toggle btn btn-large') }}
  </div>
{% endif %}

{% block actions %}
{{ actionslib.form(actions, url_for(’.action_view’)) }}
{% endblock %}

{% block tail %}
{{ actionslib.script(_gettext(‘Please select at least one file.’),
actions,
actions_confirmation) }}
{% endblock %}

上面用到的三个宏在actions.html：

{% macro dropdown(actions, btn_class='dropdown-toggle') -%}
  <a class="{{ btn_class }}" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:void(0)">{{ _gettext('With selected') }}<b class="caret"></b></a>
  <ul class="dropdown-menu">
    {% for p in actions %}
    <li>
      <a href="javascript:void(0)" οnclick="return modelActions.execute('{{ p[0] }}');">{{ _gettext(p[1]) }}</a>
    </li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>
{% endmacro %}

{% macro form(actions, url) %}
{% if actions %}
<form id=“action_form” action="{{ url }}" method=“POST” style=“display: none”>
{% if csrf_token %}
<input type=“hidden” name=“csrf_token” value="{{ csrf_token() }}"/>
{% endif %}
<input type=“hidden” id=“action” name=“action” />
</form>
{% endif %}
{% endmacro %}

{% macro script(message, actions, actions_confirmation) %}
{% if actions %}
<script src="{{ admin_static.url(filename=‘admin/js/actions.js’) }}"></script>
<script language=“javascript”>
var modelActions = new AdminModelActions({{ message|tojson|safe }}, {{ actions_confirmation|tojson|safe }});
</script>
{% endif %}
{% endmacro %}

最终生成的页面（部分）：

<div class="btn-group">
  <a class="dropdown-toggle btn btn-large" href="javascript:void(0)" data-toggle="dropdown">
    With selected
    <b class="caret"></b>
  </a>

<ul class=“dropdown-menu”>
<li>
<a οnclick=“return modelActions.execute(‘delete’);” href=“javascript:void(0)”>Delete</a>
</li>
<li>
<a οnclick=“return modelActions.execute(‘edit’);” href=“javascript:void(0)”>Edit</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>

<form id=“action_form” action="/admin/fileadmin/action/" method=“POST” style=“display: none”>
<input type=“hidden” id=“action” name=“action” />
</form>

<script src="/admin/static/admin/js/actions.js"></script>
<script language=“javascript”>
var modelActions = new AdminModelActions(“Please select at least one file.”, {“delete”: “Are you sure you want to delete these files?”});
</script>

选择菜单后的处理方法在actions.js:

var AdminModelActions = function(actionErrorMessage, actionConfirmations) {
  // Actions helpers. TODO: Move to separate file
  this.execute = function(name) {
    var selected = $('input.action-checkbox:checked').size();
if (selected === 0) {
  alert(actionErrorMessage);
  return false;
}

var msg = actionConfirmations[name];

if (!!msg)
  if (!confirm(msg))
    return false;

// Update hidden form and submit it
var form = $('#action_form');
$('#action', form).val(name);

$('input.action-checkbox', form).remove();
$('input.action-checkbox:checked').each(function() {
  form.append($(this).clone());
});

form.submit();

return false;

};

$(function() {
$(’.action-rowtoggle’).change(function() {
$(‘input.action-checkbox’).attr(‘checked’, this.checked);
});
});
};

对比一下修改前后的表单：

# 初始化
<form id="action_form" style="display: none" method="POST" action="/admin/fileadmin/action/">
  <input id="action" type="hidden" name="action">
</form>

'Delete’选中的三个文件

<form id=“action_form” style=“display: none” method=“POST” action="/admin/fileadmin/action/">
<input id=“action” type=“hidden” name=“action” value=“delete”>
<input class=“action-checkbox” type=“checkbox” value=“1.png” name=“rowid”>
<input class=“action-checkbox” type=“checkbox” value=“2.png” name=“rowid”>
<input class=“action-checkbox” type=“checkbox” value=“3.png” name=“rowid”>
</form>

'Edit’选中的一个文件

<form id=“action_form” style=“display: none” method=“POST” action="/admin/fileadmin/action/">
<input id=“action” type=“hidden” name=“action” value=“edit”>
<input class=“action-checkbox” type=“checkbox” value=“1.png” name=“rowid”>
</form>

总结一下，当我们点击下拉菜单中的菜单项（Delete,Edit），本地JavaScript代码会弹出确认框（假设有确认信息），然后提交一个表单给/admin/fileadmin/action/，请求处理函数action_view()根据表单类型再调用不同的action处理函数，最后返回一个页面。

Flask-Admin字段（列）格式化
在某些情况下，我们需要对模型的某个属性进行格式化。比如，默认情况下，日期时间显示出来会比较长，这时可能需要只显示月和日，这时候，列格式化就派上用场了。

比如，如果你要显示双倍的价格，你可以这样做：

class MyModelView(BaseModelView):
  column_formatters = dict(price=lambda v, c, m, p: m.price*2)

或者在Jinja2模板中使用宏：

from flask.ext.admin.model.template import macro

class MyModelView(BaseModelView):
column_formatters = dict(price=macro(‘render_price’))

in template

{% macro render_price(model, column) %}
{{ model.price * 2 }}
{% endmacro %}

回调函数模型：

def formatter(view, context, model, name):
  # `view` is current administrative view
  # `context` is instance of jinja2.runtime.Context
  # `model` is model instance
  # `name` is property name
  pass

正好和上面的v, c, m, p相对应。

                    <p><p>									</div>
			 
			<p>原文地址是：https://www.piaodoo.com/2857.html<p>茂名论坛https://www.hnthzk.com/ <p>茂名市高级技工学校（茂名一技）http://www.szsyby.net/<p>茂名一技https://www.mmbbu.com/<p>