Abstract
若要做影像處理,第一件事情就是要能將圖片讀進來變成array,才能套用各種演算法,之前我的作法是用.NET的GDI+,方便雖方便,但缺點就是被綁死在.NET平台,如作SW/HW CoDesign的SystemC,不能使用.NET,又如嵌入式系統,只能在Linux上使用gcc,有沒有僅使用C/C++ standard library,就能夠讀入圖形檔的方式呢?
Introduction
以下這個範例,是個純C的程式,在C++也沒有問題,只需最基本的stdio.h和stdlib.h,唯一的缺憾是只能讀取bmp格式,但若要作影像處理或電腦視覺則已經足夠,也可在SystemC和gcc下編譯。
C語言 / BmpReadWriteC.c
2 (C) OOMusou 2007 http://oomusou.cnblogs.com
3
4 Filename : BmpReadWriteC.c
5 Compiler : Visual C++ 8.0 / ANSI C
6 Description : Demo the how to read and write bmp by standard library
7 Release : 02/03/2007 1.0
8 */
9
10 #include < stdio.h >
11 #include < stdlib.h >
12
13 int bmp_read(unsigned char * image, int xsize, int ysize, const char * filename) {
14 char fname_bmp[ 128 ];
15 FILE * fp;
16 unsigned char header[ 54 ];
17
18 sprintf(fname_bmp, " %s.bmp " , filename);
19
20 if ( ! (fp = fopen(fname_bmp, " rb " )))
21 return - 1 ;
22
23 fread(header, sizeof (unsigned char ), 54 , fp);
24 fread(image, sizeof (unsigned char ), (size_t)( long )xsize * ysize * 3 , fp);
25
26 fclose(fp);
27 return 0 ;
28 }
29
30 int bmp_write(unsigned char * image, int xsize, int ysize, char * filename) {
31 unsigned char header[ 54 ] = {
32 0x42 , 0x4d , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 ,
33 54 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 40 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 24 , 0 ,
34 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 ,
35 0 , 0 , 0 , 0
36 };
37 long file_size = ( long )xsize * ( long )ysize * 3 + 54 ;
38 long width, height;
39 char fname_bmp[ 128 ];
40 FILE * fp;
41
42 header[ 2 ] = (unsigned char )(file_size & 0x000000ff );
43 header[ 3 ] = (file_size >> 8 ) & 0x000000ff ;
44 header[ 4 ] = (file_size >> 16 ) & 0x000000ff ;
45 header[ 5 ] = (file_size >> 24 ) & 0x000000ff ;
46
47 width = xsize;
48 header[ 18 ] = width & 0x000000ff ;
49 header[ 19 ] = (width >> 8 ) & 0x000000ff ;
50 header[ 20 ] = (width >> 16 ) & 0x000000ff ;
51 header[ 21 ] = (width >> 24 ) & 0x000000ff ;
52
53 height = ysize;
54 header[ 22 ] = height & 0x000000ff ;
55 header[ 23 ] = (height >> 8 ) & 0x000000ff ;
56 header[ 24 ] = (height >> 16 ) & 0x000000ff ;
57 header[ 25 ] = (height >> 24 ) & 0x000000ff ;
58
59 sprintf(fname_bmp, " %s.bmp " , filename);
60
61 if ( ! (fp = fopen(fname_bmp, " wb " )))
62 return - 1 ;
63
64 fwrite(header, sizeof (unsigned char ), 54 , fp);
65 fwrite(image, sizeof (unsigned char ), (size_t)( long )xsize * ysize * 3 , fp);
66
67 fclose(fp);
68 return 0 ;
69 }
70
71 int main() {
72 unsigned char * image;
73 int xsize = 512 ;
74 int ysize = 512 ;
75
76 image = (unsigned char * )malloc((size_t)xsize * ysize * 3 );
77 if (image == NULL)
78 return - 1 ;
79
80 bmp_read(image, xsize, ysize, " clena " );
81 bmp_write(image, xsize, ysize, " clena_clone_C " );
82
83 free(image);
84 }
純C的程式好處是compiler門檻低,但現在C++的compiler已經很普遍,而且以上的寫法,缺點就是不能用image[y][x].R這種subscripting的寫法,所以我試著用vector以及C++新的fstream讀取bmp檔。
C++ / BmpReadWriteCPP.cpp

/**/ /* 2
(C) OOMusou 2007 http://oomusou.cnblogs.com3

4
Filename : BmpReadWriteCPP.cpp5
Compiler : Visual C++ 8.0 / gcc 3.4.2 / BCB 6.0 / ISO C++6
Description : Demo the how to read and write bmp by C++7
Release : 02/28/2007 1.08
*/ 9
#include < iostream > 10
#include < fstream > 11
#include < vector > 12

13
using namespace std;14

15

struct Color
{16
int R;17
int G;18
int B;19
} ;20

21

bool bmpRead(vector < vector < Color > > & imageVec, const char * fileName)
{22
ifstream file(fileName,ios::in | ios::binary);23
if (!file)24
return false;25
26
// skip header27
const ifstream::off_type headerSize = 54;28
file.seekg(headerSize, ios::beg);29
// read body30

for(size_t y = 0; y != imageVec.size(); ++y)
{31

for(size_t x = 0; x != imageVec[0].size(); ++x)
{32
char chR,chG,chB;33
file.get(chB).get(chG).get(chR);34
35
imageVec[y][x].B = chB;36
imageVec[y][x].G = chG;37
imageVec[y][x].R = chR;38
}39
}40
41
file.close();42
43
return true;44
} 45

46

bool bmpWrite(vector < vector < Color > > & imageVec, const char * fileName)
{47
const int headerSize = 54;48
49

char header[headerSize] =
{50
0x42, 0x4d, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,51
54, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 24, 0, 52
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 53
0, 0, 0, 054
};55
56
int ysize = imageVec.size();57
int xsize = imageVec[0].size();58
59
long file_size = (long)ysize * xsize * 3 + 54;60
header[2] = (unsigned char)(file_size &0x000000ff);61
header[3] = (file_size >> 8) & 0x000000ff;62
header[4] = (file_size >> 16) & 0x000000ff;63
header[5] = (file_size >> 24) & 0x000000ff;64
65
long width = xsize;66
header[18] = width & 0x000000ff;67
header[19] = (width >> 8) &0x000000ff;68
header[20] = (width >> 16) &0x000000ff;69
header[21] = (width >> 24) &0x000000ff;70
71
long height = ysize;72
header[22] = height &0x000000ff;73
header[23] = (height >> 8) &0x000000ff;74
header[24] = (height >> 16) &0x000000ff;75
header[25] = (height >> 24) &0x000000ff;76
77
ofstream file(fileName,ios::out | ios::binary);78
if (!file)79
return false;80
81
// write header 82
file.write(header, headerSize);83
// write body84

for(size_t y = 0; y != imageVec.size(); ++y)
{85

for(size_t x = 0; x != imageVec[0].size(); ++x)
{86
char chB = imageVec[y][x].B;87
char chG = imageVec[y][x].G;88
char chR = imageVec[y][x].R;89
90
file.put(chB).put(chG).put(chR);91
}92
}93
94
file.close();95
96
return true;97
} 98

99

int main()
{100
const size_t sizey = 512;101
const size_t sizex = 512;102
103
vector<vector<Color> > imageVec(sizey, vector<Color>(sizex));104

if (!bmpRead(imageVec, "clena.bmp"))
{105
cout << "Read image error!!" << endl;106
return -1;107
}108
109

if (!bmpWrite(imageVec, "clena_clone_cpp.bmp"))
{110
cout << "Write image error!!" << endl;111
return -1;112
}113
}
87行
char chB = imageVec[y][x].B;
使用了subscripting的寫法,將來做影像處理是不是更好寫呢?
22行
bool bmpRead(vector < vector < Color > > & imageVec, const char * fileName)
也只要傳vector reference就好了,不用再傳sizey,sizex。
原圖
Remark
若要詳細研究BMP格式,在Charles Petzold的Programming Windows[2] Ch.15有詳細完整的介紹。
Conclusion
C++的寫法還是比C人性化很多,而且可以使用subscripting方式做影像處理,若您的compiler許可,建議用C++的寫法。
See Also
(原創)如何使用ANSI C讀寫24位元的BMP圖檔? (C/C++) (C) (Image Processing)
(原創) 如何使用ANSI C讀寫32位元的BMP圖檔? (C/C++) (C) (Image Processing)
(原創) 如何使用ANSI C讀寫24/32位元的BMP圖檔? (C/C++) (C) (Image Processing)
(原創) 如何使用C++/CLI读/写jpg檔? (C++/CLI)
(原創) 如何用程序的方式载入jpg图形文件? (C#/ASP.NET)
(原創) 由一維陣列模擬二維陣列(多維陣列) (C/C++) (C)
(原創) 如何動態建立二維陣列(多維陣列)? (C/C++) (C)
Reference
Charles Petzold 1998, Programming Windows, Microsoft Press
吳上立 / 林宏墩 編著,C語言數位影像處理, 全華
转载请注明本文地址: (原創) 如何使用ISO C++讀寫BMP圖檔? (C/C++) (Image Processing)