1. Spring Boot整合RabbitMQ
1.1. 简介
在Spring项目中，可以使用Spring-Rabbit去操作RabbitMQ
尤其是在spring boot项目中只需要引入对应的amqp启动器依赖即可，方便的使用RabbitTemplate发
送消息，使用注解接收消息。
一般在开发过程中：
生产者工程：
1. application.yml文件配置RabbitMQ相关信息；
2. 在生产者工程中编写配置类，用于创建交换机和队列，并进行绑定
3. 注入RabbitTemplate对象，通过RabbitTemplate对象发送消息到交换机
消费者工程：
1. application.yml文件配置RabbitMQ相关信息
2. 创建消息处理类，用于接收队列中的消息并进行处理
1.2. 搭建生产者工程
1.2.1. 创建工程
创建生产者工程springboot-rabbitmq-producer
1.2.2. 添加依赖
修改pom.xml文件内容为如下：
```
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-rabbitmq-producer</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
```
```
package com.itheima.rabbitmq;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication public class ProducerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.class);
}
}
```
### 1.2.4. 配置RabbitMQ
#### 1）配置文件
创建application.yml，内容如下：
```
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: localhost
port: 5672
virtual-host: /itcast
username: heima
password: heima
```
2）绑定交换机和队列
创建RabbitMQ队列与交换机绑定的配置类com.itheima.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMQConfig
```
package com.itheima.rabbitmq.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration public class RabbitMQConfig {
//交换机名称
public static final String ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "item_topic_exchange";
//队列名称
public static final String ITEM_QUEUE = "item_queue";
//声明交换机
@Bean("itemTopicExchange")
public Exchange topicExchange(){
return
ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();
}
//声明队列
@Bean("itemQueue")
public Queue itemQueue(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(ITEM_QUEUE).build();
}
//绑定队列和交换机
@Bean
public Binding itemQueueExchange(@Qualifier("itemQueue") Queue queue,
@Qualifier("itemTopicExchange") Exchange
exchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("item.#").noargs();
}
}
```
1.2.5 消息发送Controller
我们创建一个SpringMVC的Controller方便我们进行测试
```
package com.itheima.rabbitmq.controller;
import com.itheima.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/***
发送消息的测试类
*/
@RestController
public class SendMsgController {
//注入RabbitMQ的模板
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/***
测试
*/ @GetMapping("/sendmsg")
public String sendMsg(@RequestParam String msg, @RequestParam String key){
/**
* 发送消息
* 参数一：交换机名称
* 参数二：路由key
* 参数三：发送的消息
*/
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE ,key ,msg);
//返回消息
return "发送消息成功！";
}
}
```
1.3. 搭建消费者工程
1.3.1. 创建工程
创建消费者工程springboot-rabbitmq-consumer
1.3.2. 添加依赖
修改pom.xml文件内容为如下：
```
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-rabbitmq-consumer</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
```
1.3.3. 启动类
1.3.4. 配置RabbitMQ
创建application.yml，内容如下：
```
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: localhost
port: 5672
virtual-host: /itcast
username: heima
password: heima
```
编写消息监听器com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.MyListener
```
package com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class MyListener { /*** 监听某个队列的消息 *
@param message
接收到的消息 */
@RabbitListener(queues = "item_queue")
public void myListener1(String message){
System.out.println("消费者接收到的消息为：" + message); } }
```
1.3.6. 测试
在生产者工程springboot-rabbitmq-producer中创建测试类，发送消息：
```
package com.itheima.rabbitmq;
import com.itheima.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitMQTest {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Test public void test(){
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE,
"item.insert", "商品新增，routing key 为item.insert"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE,
"item.update", "商品修改，routing key 为item.update"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE,
"item.delete", "商品删除，routing key 为item.delete");
}
}
```
先运行上述测试程序（交换机和队列才能先被声明和绑定），然后启动消费者；在消费者工程
springboot-rabbitmq-consumer中控制台查看是否接收到对应消息。
另外；也可以在RabbitMQ的管理控制台中查看到交换机与队列的绑定：
