键盘响应事件的学习主要知识：
实例：创建一个GUI，添加两个输入框，一个按钮，实现输入数据之后点击按钮进行验证，验证成功之后关闭当前界面打开新的界面：
(1)创建一个新的GUI界面：(添加组件并修改属性)
(2)右键按钮添加点击事件响应函数：
(3)右键界面，添加键盘按键响应函数：
function varargout = gui_key(varargin)
% GUI_KEY MATLAB code for gui_key.fig
% GUI_KEY, by itself, creates a new GUI_KEY or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = GUI_KEY returns the handle to a new GUI_KEY or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% GUI_KEY('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in GUI_KEY.M with the given input arguments.
%
% GUI_KEY('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUI_KEY or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before gui_key_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to gui_key_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help gui_key
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 26-Aug-2014 09:03:08
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @gui_key_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @gui_key_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before gui_key is made visible.
function gui_key_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to gui_key (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for gui_key
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes gui_key wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = gui_key_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
function psw_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to psw (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of psw as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of psw as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function psw_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to psw (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function name_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to name (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of name as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of name as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function name_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to name (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on button press in login.
function login_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to login (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%按钮点击事件响应
name=get(handles.name,'String');
psw=get(handles.psw,'String');
if strcmp(name,'张三') && strcmp(psw,'123')%字符串比较
delete(gcf);%关闭当前的窗口
guide_mouse;%打开新的GUIDE
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% --- Executes on key press with focus on figure1 and none of its controls.
function figure1_KeyPressFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to figure1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata structure with the following fields (see FIGURE)
%Key: name of the key that was pressed, in lower case
%Character: character interpretation of the key(s) that was pressed
%Modifier: name(s) of the modifier key(s) (i.e., control, shift) pressed
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%键盘按下的响应事件
if get(gcf,'CurrentCharacter')==13 %判断按下的是否是回车键
name=get(handles.name,'String');
psw=get(handles.psw,'String');
if strcmp(name,'张三') && strcmp(psw,'123')%字符串比较
delete(gcf);%关闭当前的窗口
guide_mouse;%打开新的GUIDE
end
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
(4)运行测试(程序启动后的结果、输入信息的结果，点击登录或者单击回车的结果)