目录
1、Maven依赖
<!-- json转换依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.78</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 发送http请求依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>
2、HttpClientUtils工具类
public class HttpClientUtils {
/**
* 编码格式。发送编码格式统一用UTF-8
*/
private static final String ENCODING = "UTF-8";
/**
* 设置连接主机超时时间，单位毫秒。
*/
private static final Integer CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 6000;
/**
* 设置连接请求超时时间，单位毫秒。
*/
private static final Integer CONNECTION_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 6000;
/**
* 请求获取数据的超时时间(即响应时间)，单位毫秒。
*/
private static final Integer SOCKET_TIMEOUT = 6000;
/**
* 发送get请求
*
* @param url 链接
* @return 执行结果
*/
public static String doGet(String url) throws Exception {
return doGet(url, null, null);
}
/**
* 发送get请求
*
* @param url 链接
* @param params 请求参数
* @return 执行结果
*/
public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
return doGet(url, null, params);
}
/**
* 发送get请求
*
* @param url 链接
* @param headers 请求头
* @param params 请求参数
* @return 执行结果
*/
public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> params) {
// 创建client对象
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建response对象
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
// 响应结果
String result = null;
try {
// 创建访问地址，处理请求参数
URIBuilder uriBuilder = handleParam(url, params);
// 创建http对象
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());
// 处理config参数
handleConfig(httpGet);
// 处理请求头
handleHeader(headers, httpGet);
// 执行请求
response = client.execute(httpGet);
// 响应结果
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), ENCODING);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.getMessage();
} finally {
// 释放资源
release(client, response);
}
return result;
}
/**
* 发送post请求
*
* @param url 链接
* @param headers 请求头
* @return 执行结果
*/
public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> headers) {
return doPost(url, headers, null, null);
}
/**
* 发送post请求
*
* @param url 链接
* @param headers 请求头
* @param params 请求参数
* @return 执行结果
*/
public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> params) {
return doPost(url, headers, params, null);
}
/**
* 发送post请求
*
* @param url 链接
* @param headers 请求头
* @param body 请求体
* @return 执行结果
*/
public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> headers, String body) {
return doPost(url, headers, null, body);
}
/**
* 发送post请求
*
* @param url 链接
* @param headers 请求头
* @param params 请求参数
* @param body 请求体
* @return 执行结果
*/
public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> params, String body) {
// 创建client对象
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建response对象
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
// 响应结果
String result = null;
try {
// 创建访问地址，处理请求参数
URIBuilder uriBuilder = handleParam(url, params);
// 创建http对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(uriBuilder.build());
// 处理config参数
handleConfig(httpPost);
// 处理请求头
handleHeader(headers, httpPost);
// 处理请求体
handleBody(body, httpPost);
// 执行请求
response = client.execute(httpPost);
// 响应结果
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), ENCODING);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
release(client, response);
}
return result;
}
/**
* 发送delete请求
*
* @param url 链接
* @return 执行结果
*/
public static String doDelete(String url) throws IOException {
return doDelete(url, null, null);
}
/**
* 发送delete请求
*
* @param url 链接
* @param headers 请求头
* @param params 请求参数
* @return 执行结果
*/
public static String doDelete(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> params) {
// 创建client对象
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建response对象
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
// 响应结果
String result = null;
try {
// 创建访问地址，处理请求参数
URIBuilder uriBuilder = handleParam(url, params);
// 创建http对象
HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(uriBuilder.build());
// 处理config参数
handleConfig(httpDelete);
// 处理请求头
handleHeader(headers, httpDelete);
// 执行请求
response = client.execute(httpDelete);
// 响应对象
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), ENCODING);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
release(client, response);
}
return result;
}
/**
* 处理请求参数
*
* @param url 链接
* @param params 请求参数
* @return 执行结果
*/
private static URIBuilder handleParam(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws URISyntaxException {
URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url);
if (params != null) {
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = params.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
uriBuilder.setParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
return uriBuilder;
}
/**
* 处理config设置
*
* @param httpMethod 方法对象
*/
private static void handleConfig(HttpRequestBase httpMethod) {
if (httpMethod != null) {
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIMEOUT).setConnectionRequestTimeout(CONNECTION_REQUEST_TIMEOUT).setSocketTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT).build();
httpMethod.setConfig(requestConfig);
}
}
/**
* 处理请求头
*
* @param params 请求参数
* @param httpMethod 方法对象
*/
private static void handleHeader(Map<String, String> params, HttpRequestBase httpMethod) {
if (params != null) {
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = params.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
httpMethod.setHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
}
/**
* 处理请求体
*
* @param body 请求体
* @param httpPost 方法对象
*/
private static void handleBody(String body, HttpPost httpPost) {
if (body != null) {
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(body, ENCODING));
}
}
/**
* 释放资源
*
* @param client 客户端连接对象
* @param response 响应对象
*/
private static void release(CloseableHttpClient client, CloseableHttpResponse response) {
if (client != null) {
try {
client.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
3、Get请求方式举例
代码：
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println(HttpClientUtils.doGet("http://www.baidu.com"));
}
}
结果：
<!DOCTYPE html><!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
4、POST请求方式举例
例1：获取token
代码
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("token：" + doPost("接口地址", "root", "123456", "default"));
}
/**
* 测试post请求方式
* @author 明快de玄米61
* @date 2021/9/6 23:12
* @param apiUrl 接口地址
* @param username 用户名
* @param password 密码
* @param tenantUrl 租户标识
* @return
**/
private static String doPost(String apiUrl, String username, String password, String tenantUrl) {
String idToken = null;
// 设置headers
Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();
// 设置传送的内容类型是json格式
headers.put("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
// 接收的内容类型也是json格式
headers.put("Accept", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
// 准备数据
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("username", username);
json.put("password", DigestUtils.md5Hex(password));
json.put("tenantUrl", tenantUrl);
// 获取结果
String result = HttpClientUtils.doPost(apiUrl, headers, json.toJSONString());
// 处理返回的内容
if (result != null && !"".equals(result.trim())) {
JSONObject rjo = JSONObject.parseObject(result, Feature.OrderedField);
if (rjo != null && rjo.containsKey("retCode")) {
int retCode = rjo.getInteger("retCode");
if (retCode == 0 && rjo.containsKey("data")) {
JSONObject data = rjo.getJSONObject("data");
if (null != data && data.containsKey("idToken")) {
// 获取最终想要的数据
idToken = data.getString("idToken");
}
}
}
}
return idToken;
}
}
结果
token：853b7c87-c16f-4e3b-96c4-9701fe3448ab
接口文档
Postman访问示例
5、拓展
1、http协议切换为https协议（视情况使用，也不是所有https协议都要用这种方式）
如果http协议变成了https协议，我们需要更换HttpCloseableHttpClient的获取方式，我们先创建一个DefaultSSLUtils工具类，如下：
public class DefaultSSLUtils extends DefaultHttpClient {
public DefaultSSLUtils() throws Exception {
super();
SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[]{tm}, null);
SSLSocketFactory ssf = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx, SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
ClientConnectionManager ccm = this.getConnectionManager();
SchemeRegistry sr = ccm.getSchemeRegistry();
sr.register(new Scheme("https", 443, ssf));
}
}
在获取HttpCloseableHttpClient对象的时候直接使用如下代码：
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultSSLUtils();
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