一、参考资料

【Windows版】CMake安装教程

二、具体步骤

1. 离线安装

1.1 Ubuntu系统

1. 官网下载CMake软件包
   CMake官网
   
2. 解压软件包

cmake可执行性文件
/home/yoyo/360Downloads/cmake-3.21.1-linux-x86_64/bin/cmake

cmake-gui界面
/home/yoyo/360Downloads/cmake-3.21.1-linux-x86_64/bin/cmake-gui

3. 配置环境变量

gedit ~/.bashrc

# 添加内容，PATH路径根据真实路径
export PATH=/home/yoyo/360Downloads/cmake-3.21.1-linux-x86_64/bin:$PATH

# 更新bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

4. 查看是否安装成功

cmake --version

1.2 其他系统

根据系统架构选择不同的下载链接。

```bash
# x86使用
curl -O https://cmake.org/files/v3.19/cmake-3.19.8-Linux-x86_64.sh

# aarch64使用
curl -O https://cmake.org/files/v3.19/cmake-3.19.8-Linux-aarch64.sh
```

执行安装脚本安装CMake，默认安装到/usr/local目录下。

```bash
sudo mkdir /usr/local/cmake-3.19.8
sudo bash cmake-3.19.8-Linux-*.sh --prefix=/usr/local/cmake-3.19.8 --exclude-subdir
```

配置环境变量

```bash
sudo gedit ~/.bashrc

export PATH=/usr/local/cmake-3.19.8/bin:${PATH}
```

2. 在线安装（不推荐）

Ubuntu 18.04可以通过以下命令安装CMake，注意此种方式安装的可能不是最新版本的Cmake

wget -O - https://apt.kitware.com/keys/kitware-archive-latest.asc 2>/dev/null | sudo apt-key add -

sudo apt-add-repository "deb https://apt.kitware.com/ubuntu/ $(lsb_release -cs) main"

sudo apt-get install cmake -y

三、可能出现问题

缺少Boost

在Ubuntu上安装Boost的五种方法(全网最全，建议收藏)

CMake Error at /home/yoyo/360Donwnloads/cmake-3.23.0-rc4-linux-x86_64/share/cmake-3.23/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:230 (message):
  Could NOT find Boost (missing: Boost_INCLUDE_DIR system filesystem thread)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /home/yoyo/360Donwnloads/cmake-3.23.0-rc4-linux-x86_64/share/cmake-3.23/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:594 (_FPHSA_FAILURE_MESSAGE)
  /home/yoyo/360Donwnloads/cmake-3.23.0-rc4-linux-x86_64/share/cmake-3.23/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:2375 (find_package_handle_standard_args)
  CMakeLists.txt:10 (find_package)

错误原因：
ubuntu未安装Boost

解决办法：
安装Boost
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev