Mac OS X 搭建PXE服务器并无人值守安装Linux系统（基于DHCP TFTP NFS kickstart）

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环境：Mac Air OS X 10.10；CentOS6.7

 

PXE安装系统原理

            yuanli

配置DHCP server

方法一

  • 安装获得dhcpd命令
  • brew install isc-dhcp
  • 修改 /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf
  • ＃cat /usr/local/etc/dhcp.conf
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
authoritative;


#option domain-name ustc.edu.cn ;
#option domain-name-servers 202.38.64.7 ;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.250;
  #range 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.250;
  option routers 192.168.1.1;
  option domain-name-servers 202.38.64.7 ;
  next-server 192.168.1.1;
  filename "BOOTX64.efi";
  #filename "/private/pxe/share_tftp/pxelinux.0";
}
  • 启动DHCP

            连接以太网络网线，并找到其网络设备名，此地为en3

  • ＃/usr/local/sbin/dhcpd -f -d en3

方法二（not tested）

  • 编辑/etc/bootpd.plist使：
  • $cat /etc/bootpd.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
	<key>dhcp_enabled</key>
	<string>en3</string>
	<key>Subnets</key>
	<array>
		<dict>
			<key>name</key>
			<string>192.168.1</string>
			<key>net_mask</key>
			<string>255.255.255.0</string>
			<key>net_address</key>
			<string>192.168.1.0</string>
			<key>net_range</key>
			<array>
				<string>192.168.1.2</string>
				<string>192.168.1.254</string>
			</array>
			<key>allocate</key>
			<true/>
			<key>dhcp_option_66</key>
			<string>192.168.1.1</string>
			<key>dhcp_option_67</key>
			<data>cHhlbGludXguMAA=</data>
		</dict>
	</array>
</dict>
  • 注意其中dhcp_option_67的参数由以下对pxelinux.0转换而来：
  • $print %s00 `echo -n pxelinux.0 | xxd -p` | xxd -r -p | openssl base64
cHhlbGludXguMAA
  • 载入启动
  • ＃launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/bootps.plist
＃launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/bootps.plist

 

配置TFTP server

  • 复制 /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/tftp.plist 到 /private/pxe/tftp.plist 并修改为（或者直接修改使用前面文件）：
  • sh-3.2# cat /private/pxe/tftp.plist 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
	<key>Disabled</key>
	<true/>
	<key>Label</key>
	<string>com.apple.tftpd</string>
	<key>ProgramArguments</key>
	<array>
		<string>/usr/libexec/tftpd</string>
		<string>-i</string>
		<string>/private/pxe/share_tftp</string>
	</array>
	<key>inetdCompatibility</key>
	<dict>
		<key>Wait</key>
		<true/>
	</dict>
	<key>InitGroups</key>
	<true/>
	<key>Sockets</key>
	<dict>
		<key>Listeners</key>
		<dict>
			<key>SockServiceName</key>
			<string>tftp</string>
			<key>SockType</key>
			<string>dgram</string>
		</dict>
	</dict>
</dict>
</plist>
sh-3.2#
  • to start the TFTP server
  • ＃launchctl load －F /private/pxe/tftp.plist

    （-w可以在TFTP sever disable的情况下自动enable，-F则是强制load） 

  • to stop it

    ＃launchctl unload -F /private/pxe/tftp.plist
  • 放入必要文件，the folder reads:
  • sh-3.2# ls -R /private/pxe/share_tftp
LegacyBOOT

./LegacyBOOT:
DFPT.jpg	centos6.7	menu.msg	pxelinux.0	pxelinux.cfg

./LegacyBOOT/centos6.7:
TRANS.TBL	initrd.img	vmlinuz

./LegacyBOOT/pxelinux.cfg:
default

  • 检查TFTP服务是否工作

  • sh-3.2# tftp localhost
tftp> get LegacyBOOT/pxelinux.0
Received 27157 bytes in 0.0 seconds
tftp> quit
sh-3.2# ls
dhcpd.conf	pxelinux.0	share_nfs	share_tftp	tftp.plist
sh-3.2# rm pxelinux.0
  • cat menu.msg
  • sh-3.2# cat share_tftp/menu.msg 
Choose one of the following labels in order to boot:
- centos6.7
sh-3.2#

     

  • cat pxelinux.cfg/default
  • sh-3.2# cat /private/pxe/share_tftp//LegacyBOOT/pxelinux.cfg/default 
timeout 100

prompt 1

display menu.msg

default 0 

label locate 
  localboot 0

label centos
  menu label CentOS 6.7 x86_64 KS
  kernel centos6.7/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos6.7/initrd.img ramdisk_size=100 ksdevice=eth0 ks=nfs:192.168.1.1:/private/pxe/share_nfs/ks.cfg ip=dhcp

     

  • ks.cfg是kickstart无值守安装配置文件
  • 此处略过，按需操作。

配置NFS服务

  • 编辑文件
  • sudo nano /etc/exports

    为

    sh-3.2# cat /etc/exports 
/private/pxe/share_nfs -maproot=nobody -ro -alldirs -network 192.168.0.0 -mask 255.255.0.0
sh-3.2#
  • 运行
  • nfsd checkexports
     正常没有输出。
  • 检查NFS状态
  • nfsd status
  • 检查共享目录
  • sh-3.2# showmount -e
Exports list on localhost:
/private/pxe/share_nfs              192.168.0.0

     

修改为支持UEFI PXE启动

  • 准备文件，新增目录EFIBOOT

  • sh-3.2# ls -R /private/pxe/share_tftp/EFIBOOT/
BOOTX64.conf	BOOTX64.efi	TRANS.TBL	efidefault	splash.xpm.gz

    除efidefault外，其他均来自CentOS 6.7 x86-64 ISO中的 EFI/BOOT目录。

  • 修改dhcpd.conf为支持UEFI

  • sh-3.2# cat /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf
# for PXE 

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

authoritative;

#option domain-name ustc.edu.cn ;
#option domain-name-servers 202.38.64.7 ;


option space PXE;
option PXE.mtftp-ip    code 1 = ip-address;
option PXE.mtftp-cport code 2 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-sport code 3 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-tmout code 4 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.mtftp-delay code 5 = unsigned integer 8;
option arch code 93 = unsigned integer 16; # RFC4578


subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.250;
  #range 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.250;
  option routers 192.168.1.1;
  option domain-name-servers 202.38.64.7 ;

  #host examplehost {
  #  hardware ethernet AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF;
  #  fixed-address 192.168.1.250; 
  #}

  class "pxelients" {
    match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
    next-server 192.168.1.1;
    if option arch = 00:06 {
      filename "EFIBOOTIA/BOOTIA32.efi";
    } else if option arch = 00:07 {
      filename "EFIBOOT/BOOTX64.efi";
    } else {
      filename "LegacyBOOT/pxelinux.0";
    }
     
  }
}
  • pxelinux.cfg/default文件换成efidefault
  • sh-3.2# cat EFIBOOT/efidefault 
timeout 60

#prompt 1

splashimage=(nd)/splash.xpm.gz

#hiddenmenu

#display menu.msg

default=0
#default centos6.7
#default vesamenu.c32
#default rescue


title Install centos6.7 UEFI KS
  root (nd)
  kernel LegacyBOOT/centos6.7/vmlinuz ramdisk_size=100 ksdevice=eth0 ks=nfs:192.168.1.1:/private/pxe/share_nfs/ks.cfg ip=dhcp
  initrd LegacyBOOT/centos6.7/initrd.img

    注意UEFI中的kickstart配置文件ks.cfg等需要置于 kernel vmlinuz 后，而不是legacy 下的 initrd 后。

配置PXE LiveOS

CentOS 6.7 LIve PXE

  • 首先使用 livecd-iso-to-pxeboot 将iso中的kernel与initrd转化为支持Live PXE的，其中initrd中包含整个系统。
  • PXE配置中使用生成的kernel与initrd。

客户端安装系统

  • 设置BIOS为网络PXE安装（注意Legacy与UEFI两种方式的区别）
  • 启动安装

 

参考

KickStart：

http://blog.csdn.net/taiyang1987912/article/details/42176709

Mac PXE sever：

https://fvtool.wordpress.com/2013/01/02/osx-as-pxeboot-server/

http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=20130625164022823

centOS & EFI：

https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Installation_Guide/s1-netboot-pxe-config-efi.html

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/emptytimespace/blog/753951