1. KVM基本管理
安装完虚拟机，要退出虚拟机使用快捷键ctrl + ]
完成虚拟机安装，已经退回到宿主机，接下来我们来通过宿主机virsh命令进行管理刚才安装的CentOS 7虚拟机。
查看下挂载情况
[root@kvm ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 5.6G 12G 32% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdb 50G 1.2G 46G 3% /kvm_data
/dev/sda1 497M 126M 372M 26% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
[root@kvm ~]# ls /kvm_data/
lost+found test.img
查看kvm进程
[root@kvm ~]# ps aux |grep kvm
root 839 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 01:19 0:00 [kvm-irqfd-clean]
qemu 22188 2.3 27.1 1822572 507692 ? Sl 02:08 0:43 /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -name test -S -machine pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0,accel=kvm,usb=off,dump-guest-core=off -cpu Broadwell-IBRS,+md-clear,+ssbd,-hle,-rtm,+spec-ctrl -m 1024 -realtime mlock=off -smp 1,maxcpus=2,sockets=2,cores=1,threads=1 -uuid f237969e-edb6-4b8d-a235-41f91e7813fe -display none -no-user-config -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/domain-2-test/monitor.sock,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc,driftfix=slew -global kvm-pit.lost_tick_policy=delay -no-hpet -no-shutdown -global PIIX4_PM.disable_s3=1 -global PIIX4_PM.disable_s4=1 -boot strict=on -device ich9-usb-ehci1,id=usb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4.0x7 -device ich9-usb-uhci1,masterbus=usb.0,firstport=0,bus=pci.0,multifunction=on,addr=0x4 -device ich9-usb-uhci2,masterbus=usb.0,firstport=2,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4.0x1 -device ich9-usb-uhci3,masterbus=usb.0,firstport=4,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4.0x2 -device virtio-serial-pci,id=virtio-serial0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5 -drive file=/kvm_data/test.img,format=qcow2,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0 -device virtio-blk-pci,scsi=off,bus=pci.0,addr=0x6,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0,bootindex=1 -drive if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,readonly=on -device ide-cd,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 -netdev tap,fd=26,id=hostnet0,vhost=on,vhostfd=28 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:00:0f:8c,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial0,id=serial0 -chardev socket,id=charchannel0,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/domain-2-test/org.qemu.guest_agent.0,server,nowait -device virtserialport,bus=virtio-serial0.0,nr=1,chardev=charchannel0,id=channel0,name=org.qemu.guest_agent.0 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x7 -object rng-random,id=objrng0,filename=/dev/urandom -device virtio-rng-pci,rng=objrng0,id=rng0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x8 -msg timestamp=on
root 22194 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 02:08 0:00 [kvm-pit/22188]
root 32519 0.0 0.0 112820 968 pts/0 S+ 02:38 0:00 grep --color=auto kvm
查看虚拟机列表，只能看到运行的虚拟机
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 test running
查看虚拟机列表，包括未运行的虚拟机
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 test running
[root@kvm ~]# virsh console test
Connected to domain test
Escape character is ^]
//如果迟迟未动敲下回车就ok
下面就是正常登录时需要输入的用户名密码
CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
Kernel 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 on an x86_64
localhost login: root
password:123456
若发生以下报错信息，命令如下：
[root@kvm ~]# virsh console test
Connected to domain test
Escape character is ^]
error: operation failed: Active console session exists for this domain
解决方式，命令如下：
[root@kvm ~]# ps -ef |grep console
root 11167 10987 0 01:55 tty1 00:00:00 virsh console test
root 16017 15750 0 10:01 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto console
[root@kvm ~]# kill -9 11167
//杀死进程virsh console test
查看网卡情况
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:00:0f:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
在指定网络接口上发出DHCP请求：
[root@localhost ~]# dhclient eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:00:0f:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.153.129/24 brd 192.168.153.255 scope global dynamic eth0
valid_lft 1803sec preferred_lft 1803sec
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:f8c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y net-tools
ifconfig命令用于显示或设置网络设备。
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.153.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.153.255
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:f8c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 52:54:00:00:0f:8c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1127 bytes 13082612 (12.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 758 bytes 46531 (45.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
free -m：以m为单位来显示内存的信息。
[root@localhost ~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 480 101 112 6 266 227
Swap: 1023 0 1023
查看cpu信息
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 61
model name : Intel Core Processor (Broadwell, IBRS)
stepping : 2
microcode : 0x1
cpu MHz : 2419.202
cache size : 4096 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 1
core id : 0
cpu cores : 1
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap xsaveopt
bogomips : 4838.40
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 45 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
查看文件系统类型情况
[root@localhost ~]# df -T
文件系统 类型 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/vda3 xfs 8913920 944116 7969804 11% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 499072 0 499072 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 508368 0 508368 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 508368 6672 501696 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 508368 0 508368 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 xfs 508588 119892 388696 24% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 49248 0 49248 0% /run/user/0
显示目前磁盘空间和使用情况
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/vda3 8.6G 923M 7.7G 11% /
devtmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev
tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 497M 6.6M 490M 2% /run
tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 497M 118M 380M 24% /boot
tmpfs 49M 0 49M 0% /run/user/0
以树形格式列出所有块设备
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
vda 253:0 0 10G 0 disk
├─vda1 253:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
├─vda2 253:2 0 1G 0 part [SWAP]
└─vda3 253:3 0 8.5G 0 part /
退出终端在虚拟机上使用
top命令
用于实时显示 process 的动态
查看qemu-kvm的进程
[root@kvm ~]# ps -ef |grep qemu-kvm
qemu 22188 1 1 02:08 ? 00:00:55 /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -name test -S -machine pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0,accel=kvm,usb=off,dump-guest-core=off -cpu Broadwell-IBRS,+md-clear,+ssbd,-hle,-rtm,+spec-ctrl -m 1024 -realtime mlock=off -smp 1,maxcpus=2,sockets=2,cores=1,threads=1 -uuid f237969e-edb6-4b8d-a235-41f91e7813fe -display none -no-user-config -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/domain-2-test/monitor.sock,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc,driftfix=slew -global kvm-pit.lost_tick_policy=delay -no-hpet -no-shutdown -global PIIX4_PM.disable_s3=1 -global PIIX4_PM.disable_s4=1 -boot strict=on -device ich9-usb-ehci1,id=usb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4.0x7 -device ich9-usb-uhci1,masterbus=usb.0,firstport=0,bus=pci.0,multifunction=on,addr=0x4 -device ich9-usb-uhci2,masterbus=usb.0,firstport=2,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4.0x1 -device ich9-usb-uhci3,masterbus=usb.0,firstport=4,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4.0x2 -device virtio-serial-pci,id=virtio-serial0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5 -drive file=/kvm_data/test.img,format=qcow2,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0 -device virtio-blk-pci,scsi=off,bus=pci.0,addr=0x6,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0,bootindex=1 -drive if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,readonly=on -device ide-cd,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 -netdev tap,fd=26,id=hostnet0,vhost=on,vhostfd=28 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:00:0f:8c,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial0,id=serial0 -chardev socket,id=charchannel0,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/domain-2-test/org.qemu.guest_agent.0,server,nowait -device virtserialport,bus=virtio-serial0.0,nr=1,chardev=charchannel0,id=channel0,name=org.qemu.guest_agent.0 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x7 -object rng-random,id=objrng0,filename=/dev/urandom -device virtio-rng-pci,rng=objrng0,id=rng0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x8 -msg timestamp=on
root 32697 1773 0 03:14 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto qemu-kvm
centos 7虚拟机的一些常用命令：
virsh shutdown test //关闭虚拟机
virsh start test //开启虚拟机
virsh destroy test//类似stop，这个是强制停止
virsh undefine test//彻底销毁虚拟机，会删除虚拟机配置文件，virsh list --all就看不到了
ls /etc/libvirt/qemu/ //可以查看虚拟机配置文件
virsh autostart test//宿主机开机该虚拟机也开机
virsh autostart --disable test//解除开机启动
virsh suspend test//挂起
virsh resume test//恢复
查看虚拟机配置文件
[root@kvm ~]# ls /etc/libvirt/qemu
networks test.xml
[root@kvm ~]# cd !$ // !$意思是上一条命令的后半段
cd /etc/libvirt/qemu
[root@kvm ~]#
cd !$//!$意思是上一条命令的后半段
cd /etc/libvirt/qemu
查看虚拟机配置文件具体内容
[root@kvm qemu]# cat test.xml
[root@kvm qemu]# cat test.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh edit test
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<domain type='kvm'>
<name>test</name>
<uuid>f237969e-edb6-4b8d-a235-41f91e7813fe</uuid>
<memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>524288</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static' current='1'>2</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
</features>
<cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>
<model fallback='allow'>Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS</model>
<feature policy='require' name='md-clear'/>
<feature policy='require' name='spec-ctrl'/>
<feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/>
</cpu>
<clock offset='utc'>
<timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
<timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
<timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
</clock>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<pm>
<suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
<suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
</pm>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/kvm_data/test.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
<master startport='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
<master startport='2'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
<master startport='4'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</controller>
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='52:54:00:00:0f:8c'/>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
<model name='isa-serial'/>
</target>
</serial>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<channel type='unix'>
<target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
<address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
</channel>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
<rng model='virtio'>
<backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
</rng>
</devices>
</domain>
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