window上搭建centos7环境

环境如下：

win11 64 位
VirtualBox-6.1.38-153438-Win.exe
Centos7.box
vagrant_2.3.0_windows_i686.msi

1.下载准备

• 下载 VM VirtualBox

 https://www.virtualbox.org/

• 下载安装vagrant

https://www.vagrantup.com/

• 下载centos7.box镜像

https://app.vagrantup.com/centos/boxes/7

2.安装

• 安装目录如下：

D:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox
D:\Program Files\Vagrant

• 验证vagrant 安装成功

C:\Users\zw>vagrant -v
Vagrant 2.3.0

3.配置centos

centos7 存放路径：

D:\dev\virtualbox_images\centos7.box

3.1创建目录

D:\dev\vagrant\centos7_env

3.2 初始化

在该目录下打开cmd，执行vagrant init centos/7
此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile，同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7

D:\dev\vagrant\centos7_env>vagrant init centos/7

3.3 添加镜像

执行把镜像添加到vagrant管理的镜像中：
vagrant box add centos/7 D:\dev\virtualbox_images\centos7.box

D:\dev\vagrant\centos7_env>vagrant box list
There are no installed boxes! Use `vagrant box add` to add some.

D:\dev\vagrant\centos7_env>vagrant box  add centos/7 D:\dev\virtualbox_images\centos7.box
==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'centos/7' (v0) for provider:
    box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///D:/dev/virtualbox_images/centos7.box
    box:
==> box: Successfully added box 'centos/7' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!

D:\dev\vagrant\centos7_env>vagrant box list
centos/7 (virtualbox, 0)

3.4 配置vagrantfile

主要添加如下

 config.vm.network "public_network"
 
 config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
        vb.memory = "3000"
        vb.name= "tom-centos7"
        vb.cpus= 2
    end  

4.启动

vagrant up

D:\dev\vagrant\centos7_env>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centos/7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: tom-centos7
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
    default: Adapter 2: bridged
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default:
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default:
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default:
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /cygdrive/d/dev/vagrant/centos7_env/ => /vagrant

5.配置链接

上面日志中的地址就是可以链接的地址
127.0.0.1:2222

01 使用centos7的默认账号连接
	在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config
	关注:Hostname  Port  IdentityFile
	IP:127.0.0.1
	port:2222
	用户名:vagrant
	密码:vagrant
	文件:Identityfile指向的文件private-key
	
02 使用root账户登录
	vagrant ssh   进入到虚拟机中
	sudo -i
	vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
	修改PasswordAuthentication yes
	passwd修改密码，比如abc123
	systemctl restart sshd
	使用账号root，密码abc123进行登录

6 其他

6.1vagrant 常用命令

以后大家操作虚拟机，还是要在centos文件夹打开cmd窗口操作
	vagrant halt   优雅关闭
	vagrant up     正常启动
	
 vagrant常用命令
	(1)vagrant ssh    
    	进入刚才创建的centos7中
    (2)vagrant status
    	查看centos7的状态
    (3)vagrant halt
    	停止/关闭centos7
    (4)vagrant destroy
    	删除centos7
    (5)vagrant status
    	查看当前vagrant创建的虚拟机
    (6)Vagrantfile中也可以写脚本命令，使得centos7更加丰富
    	但是要注意，修改了Vagrantfile，要想使正常运行的centos7生效，必须使用vagrant reload

6.2 box的打包分发

01 退出虚拟机
	vagrant halt

02 打包
	vagrant package --output first-docker-centos7.box
	
03 得到first-docker-centos7.box
	
04 将first-docker-centos7.box添加到其他的vagrant环境中
	vagrant box add first-docker-centos7 first-docker-centos7.box
	
05 得到Vagrantfile
	vagrant init first-docker-centos7

06 根据Vagrantfile启动虚拟机
	vagrant up [此时可以得到和之前一模一样的环境，但是网络要重新配置]