之前面试曾有过这么一道笔试题：
是否知道IntentService，在什么场景下使用IntentService？
那就再总结下IntentService
IntentService父类是Service，作用就是用来处理异步请求，最大特点是其回调函数onHandleIntent中可以直接进行耗时操作，不必再开线程，原理是IntentService的成员变量 Handler在初始化时已属于工作线程，之后handleMessage，包括onHandleIntent等函数都运行在工作线程中。
在 IntentService 内有一个工作线程来处理耗时操作，当任务执行完后，IntentService 会自动停止，而不需要我们去手动控制。
另外如果 有多个耗时任务要执行 ，可以多次启动 IntentService ，而每一个耗时操作会以工作队列的方式在IntentService 的 onHandleIntent 回调方法中执行，并且，每次只会执行一个工作线程，执行完第一个再执行第二个，（原理是其内置的Handler关联了任务队列，Handler通过looper取任务执行是顺序执行的）。
而且，所有请求都在一个单线程中，不会阻塞应用程序的主线程（UI Thread），同一时间只处理一个请求。
用 IntentService 有什么好处呢？
- 省去了在 Service 中手动开线程的麻烦
- 当操作完成时，不用手动停止 Service
- 解决多个耗时任务需要顺序依次执行的问题。而如果仅用service，开多个线程去执行耗时操作，就很难管理。
IntentService源码
package android.app;
import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
/**
* IntentService is a base class for {@link Service}s that handle asynchronous
* requests (expressed as {@link Intent}s) on demand. Clients send requests
* through {@link android.content.Context#startService(Intent)} calls; the
* service is started as needed, handles each Intent in turn using a worker
* thread, and stops itself when it runs out of work.
*
* <p>This "work queue processor" pattern is commonly used to offload tasks
* from an application's main thread. The IntentService class exists to
* simplify this pattern and take care of the mechanics. To use it, extend
* IntentService and implement {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)}. IntentService
* will receive the Intents, launch a worker thread, and stop the service as
* appropriate.
*
* <p>All requests are handled on a single worker thread -- they may take as
* long as necessary (and will not block the application's main loop), but
* only one request will be processed at a time.
*
* <div class="special reference">
* <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
* <p>For a detailed discussion about how to create services, read the
* <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/fundamentals/services.html">Services</a> developer guide.</p>
* </div>
*
* @see android.os.AsyncTask
*/
public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
private String mName;
private boolean mRedelivery;
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);
}
}
/**
* Creates an IntentService. Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
*
* @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
*/
public IntentService(String name) {
super();
mName = name;
}
/**
* Sets intent redelivery preferences. Usually called from the constructor
* with your preferred semantics.
*
* <p>If enabled is true,
* {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
* {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before
* {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted
* and the intent redelivered. If multiple Intents have been sent, only
* the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.
*
* <p>If enabled is false (the default),
* {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
* {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent
* dies along with it.
*/
public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
mRedelivery = enabled;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
/**
* You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
* override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
* receives a start request.
* @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
*/
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
onStart(intent, startId);
return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mServiceLooper.quit();
}
/**
* Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
* method, because the default implementation returns null.
* @see android.app.Service#onBind
*/
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
/**
* This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
* Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
* worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
* So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
* the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
* When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
* so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
*
* @param intent The value passed to {@link
* android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
*/
@WorkerThread
protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);
}
IntentService 启动
Service有startService()和bindService()两种启动方式，IntentService 源码中的 onBind() 默认返回 null；不适合 bindService() 启动服务。因此，并不建议通过 bindService() 启动 IntentService，而是通过startService()来启动IntentService。
/**
* Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
* method, because the default implementation returns null.
* @see android.app.Service#onBind
*/
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
多次启动 IntentService 会顺序执行事件，停止服务后，后续的事件得不到执行
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mServiceLooper.quit();
}
IntentService 中使用的 Handler、Looper、MessageQueue 机制把消息发送到线程中去执行的，所以多次启动 IntentService 不会重新创建新的服务和新的线程，而是把消息加入消息队列中等待执行，而如果服务停止，会清除消息队列中的消息，后续的事件便不会执行。
IntentService 使用方法：
- 创建一个类并继承IntentService，重写onHandleIntent()，构造函数super(“线程名”);
- 在AndroidManifest.xml里注册，类似Service；
- 通过startService()启动。