linux-运维自动化之系统部署

一、 kickstart 半自动化安装CentOS系统

Kickstart图形界面安装
安装kickstart图形化工具（centos8不支持）
在这里插入图片描述
开启kickstart图形化界面

以下即为kickstart图形化界面

选择时区上海、安装完成后重启、选择字符安装界面

选择通过http阿里云下载

安装boot

改网卡名

清除硬盘分区，自定义硬盘分区

安装后脚本

将导出的ks文件放到提前准备好的共享服务器中，共享服务器创建存放文件路径
在这里插入图片描述
测试文件是否可以正常访问

新开一个虚拟机插入光盘按ESC键

写上路径

二、centos8实现pxe安装双系统centos6、centos7

安装相关软件包并启动

dnf -y install dhcp-server tftp-server httpd syslinux-nonlinux

systemctl enable --now httpd tftp dhcpd

配置DHCP服务
复制范例文件覆盖dhcpd.conf文件
next-server 为tftp服务器IP地址

[root@centos8 ~]#cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example 
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
option domain-name "example.com";
option domain-name-servers 180.76.76.76,223.6.6.6;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
 range 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.200;
 option routers 10.0.0.1;
 next-server 10.0.0.100;
 filename "pxelinux.0"; }

启动服务

[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl start dhcpd

准备yum源和相关目录

[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7,8}/os/x86_64/ 
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr2 /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/

准备kickstart文件
centos6.cfg

[root@centos8 ~]#cat centos6.cfg 
install
text
reboot
url --url=http://10.0.0.8/centos/6/os/x86_64/
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp  --noipv6
rootpw  --iscrypted $6$j9YhzDUnQVnxaAk8$qv7rkMcPAEbV5yvwsP666DXWYadd3jYjkA9fpxAo9qYotjGGBUclCGoP1TRvgHBpqgc5n0RypMsPTQnVDcpO01
firewall --disabled
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
selinux --disabled
timezone Asia/Shanghai
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
zerombr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=1024
part / --fstype=ext4 --size=50000
part /data --fstype=ext4 --size=30000
part swap --size=2048
%packages
@core
@server-policy
@workstation-policy
autofs
vim-enhanced
%end
%post
useradd wang 
echo magedu | passwd --stdin wang &> /dev/null
mkdir  /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
name=base
baseurl=file:///misc/cd
gpgcheck=0
EOF
%end

centos7.cfg

[root@centos8 ~]#cat centos7.cfg 
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --plaintext magedu
# System language
lang en_US
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled


# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
network  --bootproto=static --device=eth0 --ip=10.0.0.123 --netmask=255.255.255.0
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Use network installation
url --url="http://10.0.0.8/centos/7/os/x86_64"
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --append="net.ifnames=0" --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all
# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="xfs" --size=100000

%post
useradd mage
echo magedu |passwd --stdin mage
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EOF
mkdir /root/.ssh -m 700
cat > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys <<EOF
ssh-rsa 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 root@centos8.localdomain
EOF
chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
%end

%packages
@web-server

%end

centos8.cfg

[root@centos8 ~]#cat centos8.cfg 
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
zerombr
text
reboot
clearpart --all --initlabel
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
url --url=http://10.0.0.8/centos/8/os/x86_64/
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
lang en_US.UTF-8
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens160 --ipv6=auto --activate
network  --hostname=centos8.magedu.com
rootpw --iscrypted $6$j9YhzDUnQVnxaAk8$qv7rkMcPAEbV5yvwsP666DXWYadd3jYjkA9fpxAo9qYotjGGBUclCGoP1TRvgHBpqgc5n0RypMsPTQnVDcpO01
firstboot --enable
skipx
services --disabled="chronyd"
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
user --name=wang --password=6oUfb/02CWfLb5l8f$sgEZeR7c7DpqfpmFDH6huSmDbW1XQNR4qKl2EPns.gOXqlnAIgv9pTogtFVaDtEpMOC.SWXKYqxfVtd9MCwxb1 --iscrypted --gecos="wang"
part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=102400
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
%packages
@^minimal-environment
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

%post
useradd mage
echo magedu | passwd --stdin mage &> /dev/null
%end

准备PXE启动相关文件

[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos{6,7,8}
#准备CentOS6，7，8各自的内核相关文件
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} 
/var/lib/tftpboot/centos6
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} 
/var/lib/tftpboot/centos7
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} 
/var/lib/tftpboot/centos8
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,menu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/ #以下三个文件是CentOS8安装所必须文件，CentOS6，7则不需要
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/{ldlinux.c32,libcom32.c32,libutil.c32} 
/var/lib/tftpboot/
#生成安装菜单文件
[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/isolinux.cfg 
/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
#最终目录结构如下
[root@centos8 ~]#tree /var/lib/tftpboot
.
├── centos6
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── centos7
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── centos8
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── ldlinux.c32
├── libcom32.c32
├── libutil.c32
├── menu.c32
├── pxelinux.0
└── pxelinux.cfg
   └── default

准备启动菜单文件

[root@centos8 ~]#vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 
default menu.c32
timeout 600
menu title Install CentOS Linux 
label linux8
 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^8
 kernel centos8/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos8/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.100/ks/centos8.cfg
  
label linux7
 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^7 
 kernel centos7/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.100/ks/centos7.cfg
  
label linux6
 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^6 
 kernel centos6/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.100/ks/centos6.cfg
label manual
 menu label ^Manual Install CentOS Linux 8.0 
 kernel centos8/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos8/initrd.img 
inst.repo=http://10.0.0.100/centos/8/os/x86_64/
label rescue
 menu label ^Rescue a CentOS Linux system 8
 kernel centos8/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos8/initrd.img 
inst.repo=http://10.0.0.100/centos/8/os/x86_64/ rescue 
  
label local
 menu default
 menu label Boot from ^local drive
 localboot 0xffff

新准备一台主机，设置网卡引导，可看到启动菜单，并实现自动安装
在这里插入图片描述

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/GJZ23456789/article/details/108553638