CF- Educational Codeforces Round 97 (Rated for Div. 2)-1437C. Chef Monocarp【dp】

题目链接
题意：n个数字$\{a_1,a_2,...,a_n\}$，$i$放到位置的花费为$abs(i-a_j)$，求放置所有数字的最小花费。
思路：经典背包

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define pcc pair<char, char>
#define pii pair<int, int>
#define vi vector<int>
#define vl vector<ll>
#define rep(i, x, y) for (int i = x; i < y; i++)
#define per(i, x, y) for (int i = x; i >= y; i--)
#define rep0(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define per0(i, n) for (int i = (n)-1; i >= 0; i--)
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define F first
#define S second
#define sz(x) (x).size()
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define db double
#define ld long double
using namespace std;

inline int read() {
  int x = 0, f = 1;
  char ch = getchar();
  while (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
    if (ch == '-') f = -1;
    ch = getchar();
  }
  while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
    x = x * 10 + ch - '0';
    ch = getchar();
  }
  return x * f;
}

const double eps = 1e-9;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int maxn = 1e5 + 10;
const int MAX = 1e5;
const double pi = acos(-1.0);
const ll INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
ll qpow(ll a, ll b) {
  ll res = 1;
  while (b) {
    if (b & 1) res = (res * a) % mod;
    a = (a * a) % mod;
    b >>= 1;
  }
  return res % mod;
}
/***************main****************/
ll T = 1;
ll m, n;
ll a[maxn], dp[maxn];
int main() {
  T = read();
  while (T--) {
    n = read();
    rep(i, 1, n + 1) a[i] = read(), dp[i] = inf;
    sort(a + 1, a + n + 1);
    rep(i, 1, 2 * n + 1) {
      for (int j = n; j > 0; j--) dp[j] = min(dp[j], dp[j - 1] + abs(a[j] - i));
    }
    cout << dp[n] << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}