Geth的安装与配置（Windows版）

1.下载

Go-ethereum，也就是Geth，下载地址为：https://geth.ethereum.org/downloads/

2.安装

windows下正常安装
路径设置为：C:\Users\username\geth\

确认路径：

where geth
C:\Users\tangyao\geth\geth.exe

3.配置Geth私网运行

（1）创建genesis.json

在geth文件夹下创建private_net文件夹用于保存，在private_net下创建genesis.json，代码如下：

{
    "config":{
        "chainId": 33,
        "homesteadBlock": 0,
        "eip150Block": 0,
        "eip155Block": 0,
        "eip158Block": 0
    },
    "nonce": "0x0000000000000033",
    "timestamp": "0x0",
    "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "gaslimit": "0x8000000",
    "difficulty": "0x100",
    "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "coinbase": "0x3333333333333333333333333333333333333333",
    "alloc": {}
}

（2）Geth初始化

Windows版：

geth --datadir C:\users\tangyao\geth\private_net init C:\users\tangyao\geth\private_net\genesis.json

（3）启动Geth

geth --networkid "10" --nodiscover --datadir H:\geth\private_net --rpc --rpcaddr "localhost" --rpcport "8545" --rpccorsdomain "*" --rpcapi "eth,net,web3,personal" --allow-insecure-unlock --targetgaslimit "20000000" console 2>> H:\geth\private_net\error.log

成功启动：

Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/v1.9.25-stable-e7872729/windows-amd64/go1.15.6
at block: 0 (Thu Jan 01 1970 08:00:00 GMT+0800 (CST))
datadir: H:\geth\private_net
modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 ethash:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 
rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

关闭Geth：> exit

（4）创建账户

启动Geht后，准备密码字符串，使用 personal.newAccount(string) 指令创建账户：

> personal.newAccount("password")
"0xbdcfef6cede1108e7d716c0124755a98b9126657"
> personal.newAccount("password")
"0x25f904a59b41f5448120e0aae576e7575b0a0577"
> personal.newAccount("password")
"0x1f47f0c4d9b259d05697840b979c5789a149c0e7"

其中 “0xbdcfef6cede1108e7d716c0124755a98b9126657” 为生成的外部账户地址， “password” 作为密码解锁该账户，一定要记好。

生成多个账户用于操作使用，记录好相应的地址和密码。

（5）启动自动密码模式

在一些账户操作时，比如转账，需要输入密码验证，比较麻烦。通过配置密码文件，可以启动免输入密码的模式。

配置密码文件： 在private_net文件夹下创建文件名为password.txt的文件，在文件中按顺序分别换行输入各个账户的密码。

进行解锁设置并启动Geth：

geth --networkid "10" --nodiscover --datadir H:\geth\private_net --rpc --rpcaddr "localhost" --rpcport "8545" --rpccorsdomain "*" --rpcapi "eth,net,web3,personal" --allow-insecure-unlock --targetgaslimit "20000000" console 2>> H:\geth\private_net\error.log --unlock 0xbdcfef6cede1108e7d716c0124755a98b9126657,0x25f904a59b41f5448120e0aae576e7575b0a0577,0x1f47f0c4d9b259d05697840b979c5789a149c0e7 --password H:\geth\private_net\password.txt

再进行转账等操作，则无需输入密码了。

4.Geth的简单操作指令

（1）账户操作

查询账户： eth.accounts

> eth.accounts
["0xbdcfef6cede1108e7d716c0124755a98b9126657",
 "0x25f904a59b41f5448120e0aae576e7575b0a0577",
 "0x1f47f0c4d9b259d05697840b979c5789a149c0e7"]

标记账户：eth.accounts[ ]

> eth.accounts[0]
"0xbdcfef6cede1108e7d716c0124755a98b9126657"

确认coinbase账户： eth.coinbase

> eth.accounts[0]
"0xbdcfef6cede1108e7d716c0124755a98b9126657"
> eth.coinbase
"0xbdcfef6cede1108e7d716c0124755a98b9126657"

变更coinbase账户： miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[ ])

> miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[1])
true
> eth.coinbase
"0x25f904a59b41f5448120e0aae576e7575b0a0577"

查询账户余额：eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[])

> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
90000000000000000000

默认以ether显示，数值比较大，可通过web3.fromWei( ,"ether")进行单位转化：

> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]),"ether")
105

普通转账：
eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[],to:eth.accounts[],value:web3.toWei(n,"ether")})n为转账数量。返回交易哈希。

> eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0],to:eth.accounts[1],value:web3.toWei(5,"ether")})
"0x9d04784d1c674628602edeb76798819dba190d9a76b6ca18fd64175de308665d"

（2）区块操作

开始挖矿： miner.start(1)
括号内的数字代表挖矿操作的线程数
确认挖矿状态： eth.mining
停止挖矿：miner.stop()

> miner.start(1)
null
> eth.mining
true
> miner.stop()
null

查询区块：eth.getBlock()
以太坊的区块数据结构如下：（创世区块，不包含交易和叔区块）

> eth.getBlock(0)
{
  difficulty: 256,
  extraData: "0x",
  gasLimit: 134217728,
  gasUsed: 0,
  hash: "0x5704d029fe80f4fb605c0cb5e31d591511f10a46a0cb8166f97d8d559f9bc5b0",
  logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  miner: "0x3333333333333333333333333333333333333333",
  mixHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  nonce: "0x0000000000000033",
  number: 0,
  parentHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  receiptsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
  sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
  size: 507,
  stateRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
  timestamp: 0,
  totalDifficulty: 256,
  transactions: [],
  transactionsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
  uncles: []
}

查询交易： eth.getTransaction()
交易的数据结构如下：

> eth.getTransaction("0x9d04784d1c674628602edeb76798819dba190d9a76b6ca18fd64175de308665d")
{
  blockHash: "0xddea639b05f4a3ebac609e436e72f1c7882cf54772e6af086f31b0431d6b63b2",
  blockNumber: 63,
  from: "0xbdcfef6cede1108e7d716c0124755a98b9126657",
  gas: 21000,
  gasPrice: 1000000000,
  hash: "0x9d04784d1c674628602edeb76798819dba190d9a76b6ca18fd64175de308665d",
  input: "0x",
  nonce: 0,
  r: "0x9b82fc5257f7f67d353870f1ad0150cd94f7ac22112314113507cc63c1a5a5eb",
  s: "0x43ae5331e55c82995c67a6ba03d29c0bb0002286025ee8a73530876fc0fdd169",
  to: "0x25f904a59b41f5448120e0aae576e7575b0a0577",
  transactionIndex: 0,
  v: "0x66",
  value: 5000000000000000000
}

查询交易回执Transaction Receipt：eth.getTransactionReceipt()
Transaction Receipt数据结构如下：

> eth.getTransactionReceipt("0x9d04784d1c674628602edeb76798819dba190d9a76b6ca18fd64175de308665d")
{
  blockHash: "0xddea639b05f4a3ebac609e436e72f1c7882cf54772e6af086f31b0431d6b63b2",
  blockNumber: 63,
  contractAddress: null,
  cumulativeGasUsed: 21000,
  from: "0xbdcfef6cede1108e7d716c0124755a98b9126657",
  gasUsed: 21000,
  logs: [],
  logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  root: "0xb2148d8f70560dc109b105c93f3f52914ee27a283dd0e3121dcd7831b54289bb",
  to: "0x25f904a59b41f5448120e0aae576e7575b0a0577",
  transactionHash: "0x9d04784d1c674628602edeb76798819dba190d9a76b6ca18fd64175de308665d",
  transactionIndex: 0
}

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/TANGYAO97/article/details/112903323