参考资料：
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/340362172
https://www.jianshu.com/p/91baa4d140a2
https://blog.csdn.net/aggresss/article/details/54942848
https://qemu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/system/arm/vexpress.html
https://github.com/openLuat/LuatOS-qemu-vexpress-a9
https://blog.csdn.net/u013738338/article/details/82961049
https://blog.csdn.net/u013738338/article/details/94409329
https://blog.csdn.net/u013738338/article/details/94409554
为什么选择 vexpress-a9 开发板？
因为 vexpress-a9 的资料和讨论最多，所以我们选择这个开发板来进行模拟。
vexpress系列（全称Versatile Express Family）是ARM自己推出的开发板，主要是方便SOC厂商设计、验证和测试自己的SOC芯片设计用的。
一、vexpress-a9 硬件
http://myir-tech.com/soft.asp?id=895
二、编译交叉工具链
编译器版本：gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01
三、uboot
uboot版本：u-boot-2016.03
1、设置编译工具链
# 注释
# set default to nothing for native builds
#ifeq ($(HOSTARCH),$(ARCH))
#CROSS_COMPILE ?=
#endif
# 添加
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= /home/onlylove/My/arm-gcc/gcc-4.9.4/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-
2、配置uboot
1、查看可用配置文件
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/uboot/u-boot-2016.03/configs$ ls vexpress* -l
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove 524 Mar 14 2016 vexpress_aemv8a_dram_defconfig
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove 515 Mar 14 2016 vexpress_aemv8a_juno_defconfig
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove 519 Mar 14 2016 vexpress_aemv8a_semi_defconfig
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove 471 Mar 14 2016 vexpress_ca15_tc2_defconfig
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove 468 Mar 14 2016 vexpress_ca5x2_defconfig
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove 468 Mar 14 2016 vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/uboot/u-boot-2016.03/configs$
2、配置
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/uboot/u-boot-2016.03$ make vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
In file included from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:2534:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c: In function ‘conf_write’:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:771:19: warning: ‘%s’ directive writing likely 7 or more bytes into a region of size between 1 and 4097 [-Wformat-overflow=]
771 | sprintf(newname, "%s%s", dirname, basename);
| ^~~~~~
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:771:19: note: assuming directive output of 7 bytes
In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:867,
from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:84:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio2.h:36:10: note: ‘__builtin___sprintf_chk’ output 1 or more bytes (assuming 4104) into a destination of size 4097
36 | return __builtin___sprintf_chk (__s, __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL - 1,
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
37 | __bos (__s), __fmt, __va_arg_pack ());
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:2534:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:774:20: warning: ‘.tmpconfig.’ directive writing 11 bytes into a region of size between 1 and 4097 [-Wformat-overflow=]
774 | sprintf(tmpname, "%s.tmpconfig.%d", dirname, (int)getpid());
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:867,
from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:84:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio2.h:36:10: note: ‘__builtin___sprintf_chk’ output between 13 and 4119 bytes into a destination of size 4097
36 | return __builtin___sprintf_chk (__s, __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL - 1,
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
37 | __bos (__s), __fmt, __va_arg_pack ());
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf
#
# configuration written to .config
#
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/uboot/u-boot-2016.03$
3、uboot编译
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/uboot/u-boot-2016.03$ make
CHK include/config/uboot.release
CHK include/generated/version_autogenerated.h
CHK include/generated/timestamp_autogenerated.h
UPD include/generated/timestamp_autogenerated.h
CHK include/generated/generic-asm-offsets.h
CHK include/generated/asm-offsets.h
HOSTCC tools/mkenvimage.o
HOSTLD tools/mkenvimage
HOSTCC tools/aisimage.o
HOSTCC tools/atmelimage.o
WRAP tools/common/bootm.c
HOSTCC tools/common/bootm.o
HOSTCC tools/default_image.o
WRAP tools/lib/fdtdec_common.c
HOSTCC tools/lib/fdtdec_common.o
WRAP tools/lib/fdtdec.c
HOSTCC tools/lib/fdtdec.o
HOSTCC tools/fit_common.o
HOSTCC tools/fit_image.o
HOSTCC tools/gpimage.o
HOSTCC tools/gpimage-common.o
WRAP tools/common/image-fit.c
HOSTCC tools/common/image-fit.o
HOSTCC tools/image-host.o
WRAP tools/common/image.c
HOSTCC tools/common/image.o
HOSTCC tools/imagetool.o
HOSTCC tools/imximage.o
HOSTCC tools/kwbimage.o
WRAP tools/lib/md5.c
HOSTCC tools/lib/md5.o
HOSTCC tools/lpc32xximage.o
HOSTCC tools/mxsimage.o
HOSTCC tools/omapimage.o
HOSTCC tools/pblimage.o
HOSTCC tools/pbl_crc32.o
WRAP tools/lib/rc4.c
HOSTCC tools/lib/rc4.o
HOSTCC tools/rkcommon.o
HOSTCC tools/rkimage.o
HOSTCC tools/rksd.o
HOSTCC tools/rkspi.o
HOSTCC tools/socfpgaimage.o
WRAP tools/lib/sha256.c
HOSTCC tools/lib/sha256.o
WRAP tools/common/hash.c
HOSTCC tools/common/hash.o
HOSTCC tools/ublimage.o
HOSTCC tools/zynqimage.o
WRAP tools/lib/libfdt/fdt.c
HOSTCC tools/lib/libfdt/fdt.o
WRAP tools/lib/libfdt/fdt_ro.c
HOSTCC tools/lib/libfdt/fdt_ro.o
WRAP tools/lib/libfdt/fdt_rw.c
HOSTCC tools/lib/libfdt/fdt_rw.o
WRAP tools/lib/libfdt/fdt_strerror.c
HOSTCC tools/lib/libfdt/fdt_strerror.o
WRAP tools/lib/libfdt/fdt_wip.c
HOSTCC tools/lib/libfdt/fdt_wip.o
WRAP tools/lib/libfdt/fdt_region.c
HOSTCC tools/lib/libfdt/fdt_region.o
HOSTCC tools/dumpimage.o
HOSTLD tools/dumpimage
HOSTCC tools/mkimage.o
HOSTLD tools/mkimage
HOSTCC tools/proftool
HOSTCC tools/fdtgrep.o
HOSTLD tools/fdtgrep
LD arch/arm/cpu/built-in.o
CC arch/arm/cpu/armv7/cache_v7.o
CC arch/arm/cpu/armv7/cpu.o
CC arch/arm/cpu/armv7/cp15.o
CC arch/arm/cpu/armv7/syslib.o
LD arch/arm/cpu/armv7/built-in.o
AS arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o
AS arch/arm/lib/vectors.o
AS arch/arm/lib/crt0.o
AS arch/arm/lib/relocate.o
CC arch/arm/lib/bootm-fdt.o
CC arch/arm/lib/bootm.o
CC arch/arm/lib/sections.o
CC arch/arm/lib/stack.o
CC arch/arm/lib/interrupts.o
CC arch/arm/lib/reset.o
CC arch/arm/lib/cache.o
CC arch/arm/lib/cache-cp15.o
LD arch/arm/lib/built-in.o
AR arch/arm/lib/lib.a
CC arch/arm/lib/eabi_compat.o
CC board/armltd/vexpress/vexpress_common.o
LD board/armltd/vexpress/built-in.o
CC cmd/boot.o
CC cmd/bootm.o
CC cmd/help.o
CC cmd/version.o
CC cmd/source.o
CC cmd/bdinfo.o
CC cmd/echo.o
CC cmd/elf.o
CC cmd/exit.o
CC cmd/ext4.o
CC cmd/ext2.o
CC cmd/fat.o
CC cmd/fdt.o
CC cmd/flash.o
CC cmd/fs.o
CC cmd/load.o
CC cmd/mem.o
CC cmd/mii.o
CC cmd/mmc.o
CC cmd/net.o
CC cmd/part.o
CC cmd/pcmcia.o
CC cmd/pxe.o
CC cmd/test.o
CC cmd/nvedit.o
CC cmd/disk.o
LD cmd/built-in.o
CC common/init/board_init.o
LD common/init/built-in.o
CC common/main.o
CC common/exports.o
CC common/hash.o
CC common/cli_hush.o
CC common/autoboot.o
CC common/board_f.o
CC common/board_r.o
CC common/bootm.o
CC common/bootm_os.o
CC common/env_attr.o
CC common/env_callback.o
CC common/env_flags.o
CC common/env_flash.o
CC common/fdt_support.o
CC common/miiphyutil.o
CC common/flash.o
CC common/splash.o
CC common/menu.o
CC common/env_common.o
CC common/console.o
CC common/dlmalloc.o
CC common/image.o
CC common/image-fdt.o
CC common/memsize.o
CC common/stdio.o
CC common/cli_simple.o
CC common/cli.o
CC common/cli_readline.o
CC common/command.o
CC common/s_record.o
CC common/xyzModem.o
LD common/built-in.o
CC common/env_embedded.o
CC disk/part.o
CC disk/part_dos.o
CC disk/part_efi.o
LD disk/built-in.o
LD drivers/adc/built-in.o
LD drivers/block/built-in.o
CC drivers/crypto/fsl/sec.o
LD drivers/crypto/fsl/built-in.o
LD drivers/crypto/rsa_mod_exp/built-in.o
LD drivers/crypto/built-in.o
LD drivers/dfu/built-in.o
LD drivers/hwmon/built-in.o
CC drivers/input/input.o
LD drivers/input/built-in.o
LD drivers/memory/built-in.o
LD drivers/misc/built-in.o
CC drivers/pcmcia/tqm8xx_pcmcia.o
LD drivers/pcmcia/built-in.o
LD drivers/pwm/built-in.o
CC drivers/rtc/date.o
LD drivers/rtc/built-in.o
LD drivers/soc/built-in.o
LD drivers/sound/built-in.o
LD drivers/thermal/built-in.o
LD drivers/timer/built-in.o
LD drivers/tpm/built-in.o
LD drivers/twserial/built-in.o
LD drivers/video/bridge/built-in.o
LD drivers/video/built-in.o
LD drivers/watchdog/built-in.o
LD drivers/built-in.o
LD drivers/dma/built-in.o
LD drivers/gpio/built-in.o
LD drivers/i2c/built-in.o
CC drivers/mmc/arm_pl180_mmci.o
CC drivers/mmc/mmc.o
CC drivers/mmc/mmc_write.o
LD drivers/mmc/built-in.o
CC drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.o
LD drivers/mtd/built-in.o
LD drivers/mtd/onenand/built-in.o
LD drivers/mtd/spi/built-in.o
CC drivers/net/smc911x.o
LD drivers/net/built-in.o
LD drivers/net/phy/built-in.o
LD drivers/pci/built-in.o
LD drivers/power/built-in.o
LD drivers/power/battery/built-in.o
LD drivers/power/fuel_gauge/built-in.o
LD drivers/power/mfd/built-in.o
LD drivers/power/pmic/built-in.o
LD drivers/power/regulator/built-in.o
CC drivers/serial/serial.o
CC drivers/serial/serial_pl01x.o
LD drivers/serial/built-in.o
CC drivers/spi/spi.o
LD drivers/spi/built-in.o
LD drivers/usb/dwc3/built-in.o
LD drivers/usb/emul/built-in.o
LD drivers/usb/eth/built-in.o
LD drivers/usb/gadget/built-in.o
LD drivers/usb/gadget/udc/built-in.o
LD drivers/usb/host/built-in.o
LD drivers/usb/musb-new/built-in.o
LD drivers/usb/musb/built-in.o
LD drivers/usb/phy/built-in.o
LD drivers/usb/ulpi/built-in.o
CC fs/fs.o
CC fs/ext4/ext4fs.o
CC fs/ext4/ext4_common.o
CC fs/ext4/dev.o
LD fs/ext4/built-in.o
CC fs/fat/fat.o
CC fs/fat/file.o
LD fs/fat/built-in.o
LD fs/built-in.o
CC lib/libfdt/fdt.o
CC lib/libfdt/fdt_ro.o
CC lib/libfdt/fdt_rw.o
CC lib/libfdt/fdt_strerror.o
CC lib/libfdt/fdt_sw.o
CC lib/libfdt/fdt_wip.o
CC lib/libfdt/fdt_empty_tree.o
CC lib/libfdt/fdt_addresses.o
CC lib/libfdt/fdt_region.o
LD lib/libfdt/built-in.o
CC lib/zlib/zlib.o
LD lib/zlib/built-in.o
CC lib/crc7.o
CC lib/crc8.o
CC lib/crc16.o
CC lib/gunzip.o
CC lib/initcall.o
CC lib/lmb.o
CC lib/ldiv.o
CC lib/net_utils.o
CC lib/qsort.o
CC lib/rc4.o
CC lib/strmhz.o
CC lib/list_sort.o
CC lib/hashtable.o
CC lib/errno.o
CC lib/display_options.o
CC lib/crc32.o
CC lib/ctype.o
CC lib/div64.o
CC lib/hang.o
CC lib/linux_compat.o
CC lib/linux_string.o
CC lib/membuff.o
CC lib/slre.o
CC lib/string.o
CC lib/time.o
CC lib/uuid.o
CC lib/vsprintf.o
CC lib/panic.o
CC lib/strto.o
LD lib/built-in.o
CC net/checksum.o
CC net/arp.o
CC net/bootp.o
CC net/eth_legacy.o
CC net/eth_common.o
CC net/net.o
CC net/ping.o
CC net/tftp.o
LD net/built-in.o
LD test/built-in.o
LD test/dm/built-in.o
CC examples/standalone/stubs.o
LD examples/standalone/libstubs.o
CC examples/standalone/hello_world.o
LD examples/standalone/hello_world
CC examples/standalone/smc911x_eeprom.o
LD examples/standalone/smc911x_eeprom
OBJCOPY examples/standalone/hello_world.srec
OBJCOPY examples/standalone/smc911x_eeprom.srec
OBJCOPY examples/standalone/hello_world.bin
OBJCOPY examples/standalone/smc911x_eeprom.bin
LDS u-boot.lds
LD u-boot
OBJCOPY u-boot.srec
OBJCOPY u-boot-nodtb.bin
COPY u-boot.bin
SYM u-boot.sym
CFG u-boot.cfg
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/uboot/u-boot-2016.03$
4、异常解决
1、/usr/include/libfdt_env.h:27:30: error: conflicting types for ‘fdt64_t’
解决方案是：卸载 libfdt-dev 库，让uboot强制使用内部 libfdt。
sudo apt-get remove libfdt-dev
5、测试
qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 256 -kernel u-boot -nographic
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/vexpress-a9$ ./qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 256 -kernel u-boot -nographic
U-Boot 2016.03 (Jan 20 2022 - 18:01:32 -0800)
DRAM: 256 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 128 MiB
MMC: MMC: 0
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: smc911x-0
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
MMC Device 1 not found
no mmc device at slot 1
Card did not respond to voltage select!
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (2 ms)
*** Warning: no boot file name; using '0A00020F.img'
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename '0A00020F.img'.
Load address: 0x80008000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: pxeuuid
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/01-52-54-00-12-34-56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/01-52-54-00-12-34-56'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A00020F
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A00020F'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A00020
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A00020'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A0002
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A0002'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A000
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A000'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A00
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A00'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A0
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A0'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default-arm
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/default-arm'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/default'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Config file not found
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (0 ms)
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'boot.scr.uimg'.
Load address: 0x88000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Wrong Image Format for bootm command
ERROR: can't get kernel image!
=>
=>
=>
=> help
? - alias for 'help'
base - print or set address offset
bdinfo - print Board Info structure
bootelf - Boot from an ELF image in memory
bootm - boot application image from memory
bootp - boot image via network using BOOTP/TFTP protocol
bootvx - Boot vxWorks from an ELF image
bootz - boot Linux zImage image from memory
cmp - memory compare
cp - memory copy
crc32 - checksum calculation
dhcp - boot image via network using DHCP/TFTP protocol
echo - echo args to console
env - environment handling commands
erase - erase FLASH memory
exit - exit script
ext2load- load binary file from a Ext2 filesystem
ext2ls - list files in a directory (default /)
ext4load- load binary file from a Ext4 filesystem
ext4ls - list files in a directory (default /)
ext4size- determine a file's size
false - do nothing, unsuccessfully
fatinfo - print information about filesystem
fatload - load binary file from a dos filesystem
fatls - list files in a directory (default /)
fatsize - determine a file's size
fdt - flattened device tree utility commands
flinfo - print FLASH memory information
fstype - Look up a filesystem type
go - start application at address 'addr'
help - print command description/usage
iminfo - print header information for application image
load - load binary file from a filesystem
loop - infinite loop on address range
ls - list files in a directory (default /)
md - memory display
mii - MII utility commands
mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing address)
mmc - MMC sub system
mmcinfo - display MMC info
mw - memory write (fill)
nm - memory modify (constant address)
part - disk partition related commands
ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host
printenv- print environment variables
protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection
pxe - commands to get and boot from pxe files
reset - Perform RESET of the CPU
run - run commands in an environment variable
save - save file to a filesystem
saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage
setenv - set environment variables
showvar - print local hushshell variables
size - determine a file's size
source - run script from memory
sysboot - command to get and boot from syslinux files
test - minimal test like /bin/sh
tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol
true - do nothing, successfully
version - print monitor, compiler and linker version
=>
四、linux
linux版本：linux-4.1.15
1、设置编译工具链和平台架构
设置前：
ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)
设置后：
#ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
#CROSS_COMPILE ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= /home/onlylove/My/arm-gcc/imx6ull/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-
2、配置内核
1、查看配置文件
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/linux/linux-4.1.15/arch/arm/configs$ pwd
/home/onlylove/My/linux/linux-4.1.15/arch/arm/configs
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/linux/linux-4.1.15/arch/arm/configs$ ls
acs5k_defconfig corgi_defconfig iop13xx_defconfig multi_v7_defconfig pxa168_defconfig spear6xx_defconfig
acs5k_tiny_defconfig davinci_all_defconfig iop32x_defconfig mv78xx0_defconfig pxa255-idp_defconfig spitz_defconfig
am200epdkit_defconfig dove_defconfig iop33x_defconfig mvebu_v5_defconfig pxa3xx_defconfig sunxi_defconfig
armadillo800eva_defconfig ebsa110_defconfig ixp4xx_defconfig mvebu_v7_defconfig pxa910_defconfig tct_hammer_defconfig
assabet_defconfig efm32_defconfig jornada720_defconfig mxs_defconfig qcom_defconfig tegra_defconfig
at91_dt_defconfig em_x270_defconfig keystone_defconfig neponset_defconfig raumfeld_defconfig trizeps4_defconfig
axm55xx_defconfig ep93xx_defconfig ks8695_defconfig netwinder_defconfig realview_defconfig u300_defconfig
badge4_defconfig eseries_pxa_defconfig kzm9g_defconfig netx_defconfig realview-smp_defconfig u8500_defconfig
bcm2835_defconfig exynos_defconfig lart_defconfig nhk8815_defconfig rpc_defconfig versatile_defconfig
bcm_defconfig ezx_defconfig lpc32xx_defconfig nuc910_defconfig s3c2410_defconfig vexpress_defconfig
bockw_defconfig footbridge_defconfig lpd270_defconfig nuc950_defconfig s3c6400_defconfig viper_defconfig
cerfcube_defconfig h3600_defconfig lubbock_defconfig nuc960_defconfig s5pv210_defconfig vt8500_v6_v7_defconfig
clps711x_defconfig h5000_defconfig magician_defconfig omap1_defconfig sama5_defconfig xcep_defconfig
cm_x2xx_defconfig hackkit_defconfig mainstone_defconfig omap2plus_defconfig shannon_defconfig zeus_defconfig
cm_x300_defconfig hisi_defconfig marzen_defconfig orion5x_defconfig shmobile_defconfig
cns3420vb_defconfig imote2_defconfig mini2440_defconfig palmz72_defconfig simpad_defconfig
colibri_pxa270_defconfig imx_v4_v5_defconfig mmp2_defconfig pcm027_defconfig socfpga_defconfig
colibri_pxa300_defconfig imx_v6_v7_defconfig moxart_defconfig pleb_defconfig spear13xx_defconfig
collie_defconfig integrator_defconfig multi_v5_defconfig prima2_defconfig spear3xx_defconfig
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/linux/linux-4.1.15/arch/arm/configs$
2、内核配置
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/linux/linux-4.1.15$ make vexpress_defconfig
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
In file included from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:2534:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c: In function ‘conf_write’:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:773:19: warning: ‘%s’ directive writing likely 7 or more bytes into a region of size between 1 and 4097 [-Wformat-overflow=]
773 | sprintf(newname, "%s%s", dirname, basename);
| ^~~~~~
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:773:19: note: assuming directive output of 7 bytes
In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:867,
from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:84:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio2.h:36:10: note: ‘__builtin___sprintf_chk’ output 1 or more bytes (assuming 4104) into a destination of size 4097
36 | return __builtin___sprintf_chk (__s, __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL - 1,
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
37 | __bos (__s), __fmt, __va_arg_pack ());
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:2534:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:776:20: warning: ‘.tmpconfig.’ directive writing 11 bytes into a region of size between 1 and 4097 [-Wformat-overflow=]
776 | sprintf(tmpname, "%s.tmpconfig.%d", dirname, (int)getpid());
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:867,
from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:84:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio2.h:36:10: note: ‘__builtin___sprintf_chk’ output between 13 and 4119 bytes into a destination of size 4097
36 | return __builtin___sprintf_chk (__s, __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL - 1,
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
37 | __bos (__s), __fmt, __va_arg_pack ());
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf
#
# configuration written to .config
#
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/linux/linux-4.1.15$
3、内核编译
make -j4
日志内容太多，不进行记录。
五、Busybox
参考资料：
http://www.lujun.org.cn/?p=3533
http://www.lujun.org.cn/?p=3574
http://www.lujun.org.cn/?p=3590
busybox版本：busybox-1.35.0
1、配置交叉编译工具链
#ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH) # 修改前
ARCH ?= arm # 修改后
#CROSS_COMPILE ?= # 修改前
CROSS_COMPILE ?= /home/onlylove/My/arm-gcc/gcc-4.9.4/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf- # 修改后
2、使用make menuconfig进行配置
配置选项说明：
1、defconfig：缺省配置，也就是默认配置选项。
2、allyesconfig：全选配置，也就是选中 busybox 的所有功能。
3、allnoconfig：最小配置
make menuconfig 配置：
注：参考正点原子相关文档
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