这里的讲述一个完整的全库备份：备份中包括全部数据文件，控制文件，参数文件和归档日志文件。
这样就可以使用该备份进行数据库迁移。
---进入rman：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Oct 10 17:49:51 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA11GR2(DBID=238796283)
---进行全库备份：
RMAN> backup as backupset full database include current controlfile plus archivelog format '/u01/app/backup/db_%U.rmn' delete all input;
... ...
Starting backup at 10-OCT-16
current log archived
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=51 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
... ...
Starting backup at 10-OCT-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/test01.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/MYTEST02.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_audit01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-OCT-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-OCT-16
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/db_0ari1305_1_1.rmn tag=TAG20161010T150437 comment=NONE
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/db_0bri135o_1_1.rmn tag=TAG20161010T150437 comment=NONE
... ...
Starting backup at 10-OCT-16
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=58 RECID=36 STAMP=924880062
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-OCT-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-OCT-16
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/db_0cri135u_1_1.rmn tag=TAG20161010T150742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/FRA/ORA11GR2/archivelog/2016_10_10/o1_mf_1_58_czphkxox_.arc RECID=36 STAMP=924880062
Finished backup at 10-OCT-16
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-OCT-16
piece handle=/u01/app/FRA/ORA11GR2/autobackup/2016_10_10/o1_mf_s_924880064_czphl11d_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-OCT-16
[oracle@oracle backup]$ ll
total 3983252
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 448043520 Sep 25 21:18 db_01rgnirt_1_1.rmn
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1246969856 Sep 25 21:21 db_02rgnitc_1_1.rmn
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9797632 Sep 25 21:21 db_03rgnj2j_1_1.rmn
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 60416 Sep 25 21:21 db_04rgnj2r_1_1.rmn
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 678985728 Oct 10 14:54 db_07ri12bs_1_1.rmn
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 396577792 Oct 10 15:04 db_09ri12u9_1_1.rmn
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1284276224 Oct 10 15:07 db_0ari1305_1_1.rmn
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9797632 Oct 10 15:07 db_0bri135o_1_1.rmn
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 303616 Oct 10 15:07 db_0cri135u_1_1.rmn
[oracle@oracle archivelog]$ ll
total 24
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 10 15:04 2016_10_05
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 10 15:04 2016_10_06
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 10 15:04 2016_10_07
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 10 15:04 2016_10_08
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 10 15:04 2016_10_09
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 10 15:07 2016_10_10
[oracle@oracle archivelog]$
[oracle@oracle autobackup]$ ll
total 8
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 26 14:03 2016_09_26
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 10 15:07 2016_10_10
[oracle@oracle autobackup]$
#全库备份完成，以上是各备份文件的信息。
--通过以上的备份集，可以把数据库迁移到一个空库里面，达到了数据库迁移(数据迁移)的目的。