运行命令安装 sudo apt install -y mysql-server
输出的日志，可以看到安装完之后启动没成功.
...
...
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/matrix.def ... 1316x1316
emitting matrix : 100% |###########################################|
done!
update-alternatives: using /var/lib/mecab/dic/ipadic-utf8 to provide /var/lib/mecab/dic/debian (mecab-dictionary) in auto mode
Setting up libhttp-message-perl (6.22-1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-8.0 (8.0.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
invoke-rc.d: could not determine current runlevel
* Stopping MySQL database server mysqld [ OK ]
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)
mysqld will log errors to /var/log/mysql/error.log
mysqld is running as pid 587
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
invoke-rc.d: could not determine current runlevel
Setting up libcgi-fast-perl (1:2.15-1) ...
Setting up mysql-server (8.0.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.4) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
nathan@DESKTOP-A6TDDCF:~$
启动没成功，vi /var/log/mysql/error.log 看其中的错误信息
2021-07-02T04:04:41.896709Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-011292] [Server] Plugin mysqlx reported: 'Preparation of I/O interfaces failed, X Protocol won't be accessible'
2021-07-02T04:04:41.896883Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-011300] [Server] Plugin mysqlx reported: 'Setup of socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock' failed, can't create lock file /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock.lock'
...
...
2021-07-02T04:04:45.101529Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-011300] [Server] Plugin mysqlx reported: 'Setup of socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock' failed, can't create lock file /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock.lock'
没有 /var/run/mysqld 文件夹，没法创建 mysqlx.sock 文件。
手动创建并授权给 mysql 用户。
sudo mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld
sudo chown mysql /var/run/mysqld/
sudo service mysql restart
还是有错误，这种错误一般是 mysql 服务器异常关机导致的，这里明显不是，但解决方法一样的。
nathan@DESKTOP-A6TDDCF:~$ service mysql status
* MySQL is stopped.
nathan@DESKTOP-A6TDDCF:~$ sudo service mysql start
* Starting MySQL database server mysqld
su: warning: cannot change directory to /nonexistent: No such file or directory
[ OK ]
参考 stackoverflow 上的解释和解决方法，更改 mysql 用户 home 目录再启动
sudo service mysql stop
sudo usermod -d /var/lib/mysql/ mysql
sudo service mysql start
启动成功
nathan@DESKTOP-A6TDDCF:~$ sudo usermod -d /var/lib/mysql/ mysql
usermod: user mysql is currently used by process 1984
nathan@DESKTOP-A6TDDCF:~$ sudo service mysql start
* Starting MySQL database server mysqld [ OK ]
nathan@DESKTOP-A6TDDCF:~$ pstree
init─┬─init─┬─mysqld_safe───mysqld───37*[{mysqld}]
│ └─wslconnect───bash───bash───pstree
├─init───wslconnect───bash───vi
└─{init}
nathan@DESKTOP-A6TDDCF:~$ sudo service mysql status
* /usr/bin/mysqladmin Ver 8.0.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 for Linux on x86_64 ((Ubuntu))
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Server version 8.0.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1
Protocol version 10
Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Uptime: 12 min 13 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 10 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 436 Flush tables: 3 Open tables: 27 Queries per second avg: 0.013
nathan@DESKTOP-A6TDDCF:~$
安装 mysql8 时 root 是没给设置密码的，可以直接用 sudo mysql 命令以 root 用户登录
nathan@DESKTOP-A6TDDCF:~$ sudo mysql
[sudo] password for nathan:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 18
Server version: 8.0.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
看下 root 的密码，authentication_string 字段空的
mysql> select * from user where user = 'root'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
User: root
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Reload_priv: Y
Shutdown_priv: Y
Process_priv: Y
File_priv: Y
Grant_priv: Y
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Show_db_priv: Y
Super_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Execute_priv: Y
Repl_slave_priv: Y
Repl_client_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: Y
Create_user_priv: Y
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
Create_tablespace_priv: Y
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher: NULL
x509_issuer: NULL
x509_subject: NULL
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin: auth_socket
authentication_string:
password_expired: N
password_last_changed: 2021-07-02 12:04:33
password_lifetime: NULL
account_locked: N
Create_role_priv: Y
Drop_role_priv: Y
Password_reuse_history: NULL
Password_reuse_time: NULL
Password_require_current: NULL
User_attributes: NULL
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
创建一个用户
mysql> create user 'nathan'@'%' identified by 'test!#123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
## 修改的话用 alter user 'nathan'@'%' identified by 'test!#123';
## 授权 grant all privileges on databasename.tablename to 'user'@'host' identified by 'password'；
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'nathan'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from user where user='nathan'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
User: nathan
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Reload_priv: Y
Shutdown_priv: Y
Process_priv: Y
File_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Show_db_priv: Y
Super_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Execute_priv: Y
Repl_slave_priv: Y
Repl_client_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: Y
Create_user_priv: Y
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
Create_tablespace_priv: Y
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher: NULL
x509_issuer: NULL
x509_subject: NULL
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin: caching_sha2_password
authentication_string: $A$005$Y}G[/z| hz/?:RGYa4.xc4oW4iIm1SAax1BjY9zvwaYKrRK/ShSfkM7KF2/
password_expired: N
password_last_changed: 2021-07-02 15:35:14
password_lifetime: NULL
account_locked: N
Create_role_priv: Y
Drop_role_priv: Y
Password_reuse_history: NULL
Password_reuse_time: NULL
Password_require_current: NULL
User_attributes: NULL
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
使用 Navicat 客户端连接有错误
因为 mysql8 之前的版本中加密规则是 mysql_native_password，而在mysql8之后，加密规则是 caching_sha2_password，我这个 Navicat 不支持，改下加密规则，方法如下
use mysql; #选择数据库
# 远程连接请将'localhost'换成'%'
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; #更改加密方式
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password'; #更新用户密码
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #刷新权限
根据自己实际情况设置
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> ALTER USER 'nathan'@'%' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'nathan'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'test!#123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
客户端用 127.0.0.1 IP 能访问，但其他内网 IP 或公网 IP 都不行，比如我这里的虚拟机 IP 是 192.168.50.28，因为 MySQL 默认的配置就是绑定的 127.0.0.1，监听端口信息如下
nathan@DESKTOP-A6TDDCF:~$ ss -lnp|grep 3306
tcp LISTEN 0 70 127.0.0.1:33060 0.0.0.0:*
tcp LISTEN 0 151 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:*
修改绑定 IP sudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf ，把 127.0.0.1 改为 0.0.0.0
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
mysqlx-bind-address = 127.0.0.1
sudo service mysql restart 重启数据库就可连接了。
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