思科实验17.网络层：OSPF路由协议（中）

单区域OSPF和RIP相结合

实验流程

开始
设计拓扑
配置主机IP地址
配置路由器
封装ospf和rip协议
验证主机连通性

1.设计拓扑

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2.配置主机IP地址

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3.配置路由器

路由器0

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int g0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#int g0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut

路由器1

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int g0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#int g0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#int s0/1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut

路由器2

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int s0/1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#int s0/1/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut

路由器3

Router>en
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int s0/1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#int g0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.80.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#int g0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut

路由器4

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int g0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.80.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#int g0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.90.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut

路由器6

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int g0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.60.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#int g0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shut

此时，看起来已经连通
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4.封装ospf协议

单区域area 0封装ospf协议
在此区域下有路由器0,1，2，3
路由器0

Router(config)#route ospf 1
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

路由器1

Router(config)#route ospf 1
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

路由器2

Router(config)#route ospf 1
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

5.封装rip协议

rip区域包括路由器3,4，6
路由器4

Router(config)#route rip
Router(config-router)#version 2
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.80.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.90.0

路由器6

Router(config)#route rip
Router(config-router)#version 2
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.60.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.70.0

6.配置路由器3

之所以前面没有配置路由器3，是因为这个比较复杂，所以单独对其配置。
它的左边端口也就是s0/1/0端口要配置ospf协议，而端口g0/0和g0/1配置rip协议

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#route ospf 1
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#route rip
Router(config-router)#version 2
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.80.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.60.0

查看一下路由器3的路由表

Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

O    192.168.10.0/24 [110/130] via 192.168.50.1, 00:01:45, Serial0/1/0
O    192.168.20.0/24 [110/129] via 192.168.50.1, 00:01:45, Serial0/1/0
O    192.168.30.0/24 [110/129] via 192.168.50.1, 00:01:45, Serial0/1/0
O    192.168.40.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.50.1, 00:01:45, Serial0/1/0
     192.168.50.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
L       192.168.50.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
     192.168.60.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L       192.168.60.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
R    192.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.60.2, 00:00:15, GigabitEthernet0/0
     192.168.80.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.80.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L       192.168.80.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.90.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.80.2, 00:00:12, GigabitEthernet0/1

再查看一下路由器6的路由表

Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     192.168.60.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L       192.168.60.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
     192.168.70.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L       192.168.70.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
R    192.168.80.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.60.1, 00:00:02, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.90.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.60.1, 00:00:02, GigabitEthernet0/1

此时还是无法访问，ospf协议封装的区域缺少rip区域的路由，反之也是

7.剩余工作

目的是解决上面遗留问题，ospf区域缺少rip区域的路由，RIP区域缺少ospf区域的路由。

命令格式含义
redistribute rip metric 1000 metric-type 1 subnets将rip路由重发布到ospf区域，1为类型，1000为路由开销 subnets为连同子网一起发布
redistribute ospf 1 metric 5将ospf进程1的路由发布到rip区域，路由开销为5

路由器3

Router(config)#route ospf 1
Router(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 1000 metric-type 1 subnets

查看路由器2的路由表

Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

O    192.168.10.0/24 [110/66] via 192.168.40.1, 00:16:29, Serial0/1/0
O    192.168.20.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.40.1, 00:16:29, Serial0/1/0
O    192.168.30.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.40.1, 00:17:09, Serial0/1/0
     192.168.40.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
L       192.168.40.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
     192.168.50.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/1
L       192.168.50.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/1/1
O E1 192.168.60.0/24 [110/1064] via 192.168.50.2, 00:01:04, Serial0/1/1
O E1 192.168.70.0/24 [110/1064] via 192.168.50.2, 00:01:04, Serial0/1/1
O E1 192.168.80.0/24 [110/1064] via 192.168.50.2, 00:01:04, Serial0/1/1
O E1 192.168.90.0/24 [110/1064] via 192.168.50.2, 00:01:04, Serial0/1/1

Router#

可见配置之后，ospf区域下路由器2已经存在了rip路由
接下来继续配置路由器

Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#route rip
Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 5

此时查看一下路由器6,4的路由表
路由器6

Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

R    192.168.10.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.60.1, 00:00:19, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.20.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.60.1, 00:00:19, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.30.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.60.1, 00:00:19, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.40.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.60.1, 00:00:19, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.50.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.60.1, 00:00:19, GigabitEthernet0/1
     192.168.60.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L       192.168.60.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
     192.168.70.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L       192.168.70.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
R    192.168.80.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.60.1, 00:00:19, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.90.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.60.1, 00:00:19, GigabitEthernet0/1

路由器4

Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

R    192.168.10.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.80.1, 00:00:05, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.20.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.80.1, 00:00:05, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.30.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.80.1, 00:00:05, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.40.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.80.1, 00:00:05, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.50.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.80.1, 00:00:05, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.60.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.80.1, 00:00:05, GigabitEthernet0/1
R    192.168.70.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.80.1, 00:00:05, GigabitEthernet0/1
     192.168.80.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.80.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L       192.168.80.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
     192.168.90.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.90.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L       192.168.90.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

此时已经完全配置好了。ospf区域的rip区域都已经存在了所有的路由。

8.验证主机连通

使用主机PC0ping主机PC1，PC2，PC3

C:\>ping 192.168.30.11

Pinging 192.168.30.11 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.30.11: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.30.11: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.30.11: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.30.11:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

C:\>ping 192.168.70.2

Pinging 192.168.70.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.70.2: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=123
Reply from 192.168.70.2: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=123
Reply from 192.168.70.2: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=123

Ping statistics for 192.168.70.2:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 5ms

C:\>ping 192.168.90.11

Pinging 192.168.90.11 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.90.11: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=123
Reply from 192.168.90.11: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=123
Reply from 192.168.90.11: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=123

Ping statistics for 192.168.90.11:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 2ms

C:\>

OK，已经完全连通，这篇文章到这里就结束了。

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