unix的系统调用是什么
Unix operating system is the root of multi-tasking operating systems. We can call Unix as the first modern operating system that provides advanced operating system features like kernel, development tool, user and admin commands, multi-tasking, etc. Unix operating system is developed 1970’s in Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Richie, and others. Unix is developed for Bell Systems’ internal usage but it is widespread along with universities and other companies which made is a very popular and standardizing operating system.BSD, Microsoft(Xenix), AIX, Solaris, and others forked from Unix and from its standards.
Unix操作系统是多任务操作系统的基础。 我们可以称Unix为第一个提供高级操作系统功能(如内核，开发工具，用户和管理命令，多任务等)的现代操作系统。Unix操作系统是由Ken Thompson，Dennis Richie在Bell Labs研究中心开发的。 ， 和别的。 Unix是为Bell Systems内部使用而开发的，但它与大学和其他公司一起广泛使用，这是一个非常流行和标准化的操作系统。BSD，Microsoft(Xenix)，AIX，Solaris以及其他从Unix及其标准派生的分支。
Unix历史 (Unix History)
Unix can be named as the oldest modern operating system which is even used today. Unix is created in the early 1970s in the Bell Labs which is owned by AT&T. In 1970 a group coined the name Unics for Uniplexed Information and Computing Service but later named Unix by Brian Kernighan. The first versions of Unix were written with Assembly language but it was hard to port different hardware and platforms. So from Unix version 4 operating system is developed with the C programming language. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, a lot of different operating systems are created with the influence of Unix. These influenced operating systems were BSD, System V, Sequent, HP-UX, SunOS/Solaris, AIX, Xenix. In the 1990s the Unix and Unix-like operating systems dominated the world’s fastest supercomputers with the usage of about 90%. The most popular operating system Linux is created as a Unix-like operating system with the support of most features and applications in 1991. Also, MacOSX’s older version named Darwin is created in 2000 was a Unix-like system too.
Unix可以被称为最古老的现代操作系统，甚至在今天使用。 Unix于1970年代初期在AT＆T拥有的Bell Labs中创建。 1970年，一个小组创造了Uniics for Uniplexed Information and Computing Service的名称，但后来由Brian Kernighan命名为Unix。 Unix的第一个版本是用汇编语言编写的，但是很难移植不同的硬件和平台。 因此从Unix版本4开始，操作系统是使用C编程语言开发的。 在1970年代末和1980年代初，在Unix的影响下创建了许多不同的操作系统。 这些受影响的操作系统是BSD，System V，Sequent，HP-UX，SunOS / Solaris，AIX，Xenix。 在1990年代，Unix和类似Unix的操作系统以90％的使用率统治了世界上最快的超级计算机。 1991年，最流行的操作系统Linux创建为类Unix操作系统，并具有大多数功能和应用程序的支持。另外，MacOSX的较早版本名为Darwin于2000年创建的也是类Unix系统。
Unix组件(Unix Components )
Unix operating system is created for technical people without end user in mind. So Unix provides different components and function in a technical way. Unix contains kernels, drivers, services, libarries, documentation, tools etc as a complete operating system.
Unix操作系统是为技术人员创建的，无需考虑最终用户。 因此，Unix以技术方式提供了不同的组件和功能。 Unix包含内核，驱动程序，服务，库，文档，工具等作为完整的操作系统。
Kernel : Kernel is the core of the Unix operating system which is responsible for hardware, process, services and system resources management. Kernel creates, runs process with related memory. Kernel also provides different services or system calls to the user space applications.
Kernel ：内核是Unix操作系统的核心，负责硬件，进程，服务和系统资源管理。 内核使用相关的内存创建，运行进程。 内核还向用户空间应用程序提供不同的服务或系统调用。
Development Environment: As a geek operating system, Unix provides a complete toolset for software development. It provides C/C++ language compiler, assembler, linker, libraries, tools, documentation by default.
Development Environment ：作为一个怪胎操作系统，Unix提供了用于软件开发的完整工具集。 默认情况下，它提供C / C ++语言编译器，汇编器，链接器，库，工具，文档。
Services: Services are important part of the Unix operating system where it is designed to be completely command line based every function is provided as services even the X GUI is a service. Services are used to access, use, change, configure different function like connecting wireless network, running desktop environment etc.
Services ：服务是Unix操作系统的重要组成部分，在该操作系统中，服务被设计为完全基于命令行，每个功能都作为服务提供，即使X GUI也是服务。 服务用于访问，使用，更改，配置不同的功能，例如连接无线网络，运行桌面环境等。
Documentation : In order to use tools and provide development tools information Unix contains a lot of documentation most of them are technical. Unix documentation provides simple tool usage to the api functions and paramters. Documentation is provided via man command and page in most of the cases.
Documentation ：为了使用工具并提供开发工具信息，Unix包含许多文档，其中大多数是技术文档。 Unix文档为api函数和参数提供了简单的工具用法。 在大多数情况下，通过man命令和页面提供文档。
Tools: The most popular component of the Unix was the tools it provides. Unix tools were so popular they are ported into Unix-like operating systems like AIX, Linux, MacOSX etc. Even newer Microsoft operating system like Windows 8,10 or Windows Serve 2016 provides replicas of the Unix tools.
Tools ：Unix上最受欢迎的组件是它提供的工具。 Unix工具是如此流行，它们被移植到类似Unix的操作系统中，例如AIX，Linux，MacOSX等。甚至是更新的Microsoft操作系统，例如Windows 8,10或Windows Serve 2016也提供了Unix工具的副本。
Linux与Unix (Linux vs Unix)
Linux is implemented as a clone of Unix. Most of the tools and functionality of Unix can be found in the Linux operating system. Actually Unix and Linux can be used synonyms. Also, there is a *nix term that is used for both operating systems. If we set asterisk Li the full term will be Linux or if we set asterisk U the full term will be Unix.
Linux被实现为Unix的克隆。 Unix的大多数工具和功能都可以在Linux操作系统中找到。 实际上，可以使用Unix和Linux的同义词。 另外，两个操作系统都使用* nix术语。 如果将星号Li设置为完整术语，则为Linux；如果将星号U设置为完整术语，则为Unix。
C语言 (C Programming Language)
Unix another impact on computer science is the new procedural, high level and very popular programming language named C. C is very popular too after 45 years. The main motivation to develop C was the need for a programming language to develop tools in the Unix operating system. Other languages were no suitable because of portability, efficiency, and other issues.
Unix对计算机科学的另一影响是名为C的新过程，高级且非常流行的编程语言。C在45年后也非常流行。 开发C的主要动机是需要使用编程语言来开发Unix操作系统中的工具。 由于可移植性，效率和其他问题，其他语言不适用。
unix的系统调用是什么