mysql keepalived主从_Keepalived与MySQL互为主从自动切换配置

为解决Mysql数据库单点问题，实现两台MySQL数据库互为主备，双向replication。当一Master出现问题，则将Slave切换为Master继续工作.

环境说明

系统版本：CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

MySQL版本：mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.27

keepalived版本：Keepalived v1.2.13

序号服务器IP 用途

1 192.168.158.10 Master

2 192.168.158.20 Slave

3 192.168.158.30 VIP

一、MySQL互为主从配置

1.> 两台安装相同版本的MySQL数据库.

2.> 主备机NTP时钟同步

3.> 双机互信配置ssh免密认证

4.> 数据库配置(Master的配置和Slave的配置server-id不能一致,别的都可以一样)

4.1> 修改Master主机上MySQL数据库的配置文件，然后新启动MySQL

#vim /ect/my.cnf

[mysqld]

log-bin=mysql-bin

server-id=100expire_logs_days= 10datadir=/var/lib/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

symbolic-links=0log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

validate_password=off #关闭密码安全策略

default_password_lifetime=0#设置密码不过期

log_bin=/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin

4.2> 修改Slave主机上MySQL数据库的配置文件，然后新启动MySQL

#vim /ect/my.cnf

[mysqld]

log-bin=mysql-bin

server-id=101expire_logs_days= 10datadir=/var/lib/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

symbolic-links=0log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

validate_password=off

default_password_lifetime=0log_bin=/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin

5.> 启动MySQL服务

# systemctl start mysqld

6.> 查询相关状态，以Master主机为例，如下

mysql>show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | | | |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

7.> 创建复制账号并同步

7.1> 在Master库和Slave库分别执行，创建数据同步复制账号.

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO replication@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replication';

mysql> flush privileges;

7.2> 7.2> 在Master主机上,执行同步操作(注意master_host参数主备机相互指向),如下：

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.158.20',master_port=3306,master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=154;

mysql> start slave;

7.3> 在Slave主机上,执行同步操作(注意master_host参数主备机相互指向),如下：

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.158.10',master_port=3306,master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=154;

mysql> start slave;

7.4> 在Master、Slave主机上，查询同步状态“show slave status\G”，检查结果中Slave_IO_Running: Yes和Slave_SQL_Running: Yes，否则有异常。

8.> 配置密文命令访问(两台主机都配置)

Mysql数据库使用mysql或mysqldump等相关命令时，需要在命令行界面输入密码，当使用脚本时，在脚本里填写密码显然不太安全，因此可以设置Mysql的密文文件。

# mysql_config_editor set --login-path=local --user=root --port=3306 --password

# mysql_config_editor print--all

9.> 创建切换脚本

切换脚本规划，如本次是mysql切换，因此在该目录下创建mysql目录,将所有切换脚本放在/home/mysql目录下,本次相关脚本说明如下：

进入/home/mysql目录，如下文件：

Logs //存储日志的文件目录

mybackup.sh //清空slave配置，重新获取远程日志文件及Pos,并开启同步

mycheck.sh //检查mysql运行状态，如果运行正常，退出。如果运行不正常调用pkill keepalived

mymaster.sh //先判断同步复制是否执行完成，如果未执行完成等待1分钟后，停止同步(stop slave;)，并且记录切换后的日志和pos

.mysqlenv //脚本运行环境文件

mystop.sh //设置参数保证数据不丢失，最后检查看是否还有写操作，最后1分钟退出

syncposfile //每次切换后，Master最后一次File值和Position值。

10.环境文件

10.1> Master主机端的环境文件

[root@localhost mysql]# vim .mysqlenv

MYSQL=/usr/bin/mysql

MYSQL_CMD="--login-path=local"#远端主机的IP地址

REMOTE_IP=192.168.158.20export mysql="$MYSQL $MYSQL_CMD"

10.2> Slave主机端的环境文件

[root@localhost mysql]# vim .mysqlenv

MYSQL=/usr/bin/mysql

MYSQL_CMD="--login-path=local"#远端主机的IP地址

REMOTE_IP=192.168.158.10export mysql="$MYSQL $MYSQL_CMD"

11.> 服务检查脚本

11.1> mycheck.sh

[root@localhost mysql]# vim mycheck.sh

#!/bin/sh

##################################################

#File Name : mycheck.sh

#Description: mysqlis working MYSQL_OK is 1# mysqlis down MYSQL_OK is 0##################################################

BASEPATH=/home/mysql

LOGSPATH=$BASEPATH/logs

source $BASEPATH/.mysqlenv

CHECK_TIME=3MYSQL_OK=1##################################################################

function check_mysql_helth (){

$mysql-e "show status;" >/dev/null 2>&1

if [ $? == 0]

then

MYSQL_OK=1

elseMYSQL_OK=0#systemctl status keepalived

fireturn$MYSQL_OK

}

#check_mysql_helthwhile [ $CHECK_TIME -ne 0] #不等于dolet"CHECK_TIME -= 1"check_mysql_helthif [ $MYSQL_OK = 1] ; then

CHECK_TIME=0echo"$(date"+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") The scripts mycheck.sh is running ..." >> $LOGSPATH/mysql_switch.log

exit0fiif [ $MYSQL_OK -eq 0 ] && [ $CHECK_TIME -eq 0] #等于

then

systemctl stop keepalived

echo"$(date"+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") The mycheck.sh, mysql is down, after switch..." >> $LOGSPATH/mysql_switch.log

exit1fi

sleep1done

[root@localhost mysql]#

11.2> 切换脚本

[root@localhost mysql]# vim mymaster.sh

#!/bin/sh

##################################################

#File Name : mymaster.sh

#Description: First determine whether synchronous

# replicationis performed, and ifno

# executionis completed, wait for 1# minutes. Log logs and POS after

# switching, and record files synchronously.

##################################################

BASEPATH=/home/mysql

LOGSPATH=$BASEPATH/logs

source $BASEPATH/.mysqlenv

$mysql-e "show slave status\G" > $LOGSPATH/mysqlslave.states

Master_Log_File=`cat $LOGSPATH/mysqlslave.states | grep -w Master_Log_File | awk -F":" '{print $2}'`

Relay_Master_Log_File=`cat $LOGSPATH/mysqlslave.states | grep -w Relay_Master_Log_File | awk -F":" '{print $2}'`

Read_Master_Log_Pos=`cat $LOGSPATH/mysqlslave.states | grep -w Read_Master_Log_Pos | awk -F":" '{print $2}'`

Exec_Master_Log_Pos=`cat $LOGSPATH/mysqlslave.states | grep -w Exec_Master_Log_Pos | awk -F":" '{print $2}'`

i=1

while true

if [ $Master_Log_File = $Relay_Master_Log_File ] && [ $Read_Master_Log_Pos -eq $Exec_Master_Log_Pos ];then

echo"$(date"+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") The mymaster.sh, slave sync ok..." >> $LOGSPATH/mysql_switch.logbreak

elsesleep1

if [ $i -gt 60];thenbreakficontinuelet i++fi

done

$mysql-e "stop slave;"$mysql-e "set global innodb_support_xa=0;"$mysql-e "set global sync_binlog=0;"$mysql-e "set global innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0;"$mysql-e "flush logs;GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'replication'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replication';flush privileges;"$mysql-e "show master status;" > $LOGSPATH/master_status_$(date "+%y%m%d-%H%M").txt

# sync pos file/usr/bin/scp $LOGSPATH/master_status_$(date "+%y%m%d-%H%M").txt root@$REMOTE_IP:$BASEPATH/syncposfile/backup_master.status

echo"$(date"+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") The mymaster.sh, Sync pos file sucess." >> $LOGSPATH/mysql_switch.log

[root@localhost mysql]#

11.3> 回切脚本

[root@localhost mysql]# vim mybackup.sh

#!/bin/sh

##################################################

#File Name : mybackup.sh

#Description: Empty the slave configuration, retrieve

# the remote log file and Pos, and open

# the synchronization

##################################################

BASEPATH=/home/mysql

LOGSPATH=$BASEPATH/logs

source $BASEPATH/.mysqlenv

$mysql-e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'replication'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replication';flush privileges;"$mysql-e "set global innodb_support_xa=0;"$mysql-e "set global sync_binlog=0;"$mysql-e "set global innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0;"$mysql-e "flush logs;"$mysql-e "reset slave all;"

if [ -f $BASEPATH/syncposfile/backup_master.status ];then

New_ReM_File=`cat $BASEPATH/syncposfile/backup_master.status | grep -v File |awk '{print $1}'`

New_ReM_Position=`cat $BASEPATH/syncposfile/backup_master.status | grep -v File |awk '{print $2}'`

echo"$(date"+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") This mybackup.sh, New_ReM_File:$New_ReM_File,New_ReM_Position:$New_ReM_Position" >> $LOGSPATH/mysql_switch.log

$mysql-e "change master to master_host='$REMOTE_IP',master_port=3306,master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='$New_ReM_File',master_log_pos=$New_ReM_Position;"$mysql-e "start slave;"$mysql-e "show slave status\G;" > $LOGSPATH/slave_status_$(date "+%y%m%d-%H%M").txt

cat $LOGSPATH/slave_status_$(date "+%y%m%d-%H%M").txt >> $LOGSPATH/mysql_switch.log

rm-f $BASEPATH/syncposfile/backup_master.statuselseecho"$(date"+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") The scripts mybackup.sh running error..." >> $LOGSPATH/mysql_switch.log

[root@localhost mysql]#

11.4> 停止脚本

[root@localhost mysql]# vim mystop.sh

#!/bin/sh

##################################################

#File Name : mystop.sh

#Description: Set parameters to ensure that the data

#is not lost, and finallycheck to see

#ifthere are still write operations,

# the last1minutes to exit

##################################################

BASEPATH=/home/mysql

LOGSPATH=$BASEPATH/logs

source $BASEPATH/.mysqlenv

$mysql-e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'replication'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replication';flush privileges;"$mysql-e "set global innodb_support_xa=1;"$mysql-e "set global sync_binlog=1;"$mysql-e "set global innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1;"$mysql-e "show master status\G" > $LOGSPATH/mysqlmaster0.states

M_File1=`cat $LOGSPATH/mysqlmaster0.states | awk -F':' '/File/{print $2}'`

M_Position1=`cat $LOGSPATH/mysqlmaster0.states | awk -F':' '/Position/{print $2}'`

sleep2$mysql-e "show master status\G" > $LOGSPATH/mysqlmaster1.states

M_File2=`cat $LOGSPATH/mysqlmaster1.states | awk -F':' '/File/{print $2}'`

M_Position2=`cat $LOGSPATH/mysqlmaster1.states | awk -F':' '/Position/{print $2}'`

i=1

while true

if [ $M_File1 = $M_File2 ] && [ $M_Position1 -eq $M_Position2 ];then

echo"$(date"+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") The mystop.sh, master sync ok.." >> $LOGSPATH/mysql_switch.log

exit0

elsesleep1

if [$i -gt 60];thenbreakficontinuelet i++fi

done

echo"$(date"+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") The mystop.sh, master sync exceed one minutes..." >> $LOGSPATH/mysql_switch.log

[root@localhost mysql]#

二、Keepalived安装与配置

1.两台都安装Keepalived(略)

2.切换原理

Keepalived可实现将虚拟IP地址在实体物理机上来回漂移。Keepalived在转换状态时会依照状态来呼叫配置文件中内置的定义。

当进入Master状态时会呼叫notify_master定义的脚本

当进入Backup状态时会呼叫notify_backup定义的脚本

当keepalived程序终止时呼叫notify_stop定义的脚本

当发现异常情况时进入Fault状态呼叫notify_fault定义的脚本

切换的过程如下：

1.>在Master主机上keepalived运行时执行mycheck.sh脚本不停的检查mysql的运行状态，当发现mysql停止后将keepalived进程杀掉。

2.>此时Slave主机上会接管虚拟IP地址，并调用notify_master定义的脚本

3.>当原Master主机上的mysql和keepalived进程恢复正常后，会调用notify_backup定义的脚本，此时数据库的主端还在Savle主机上。

4.>回切，关闭Slave端的keepavlied进程，会调用notify_stop脚本，同时Master主机上会调用notify_master定义的脚本。此时数据库的主端在Master主机上

5.>启动Slave端的keepavlied进程，会调用notify_backup脚本，此时完成数据同步。

3.Keepalived的配置

在Master端和Savle端均安装好keepalived后，进行配置，修改/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf文件.

3.1> Master端配置

[root@localhost keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf

global_defs {

router_id MySQL-HA

}

vrrp_script check_run {

script"/home/mysql/mycheck.sh"interval10}

vrrp_sync_group VG1 {

group {

VI_1

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state MASTER

#state BACKUPinterfaceenp0s3

virtual_router_id51priority100advert_int1#nopreempt

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass1234}

track_script {

check_run

}

notify_master/home/mysql/mymaster.sh

notify_backup/home/mysql/mybackup.sh

notify_stop/home/mysql/mystop.sh

virtual_ipaddress {192.168.158.30/24}

}

3.2> Slave端配置

[root@localhost keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf

global_defs {

router_id MySQL-HA

}

vrrp_script check_run {

script"/home/mysql/mycheck.sh"interval10}

vrrp_sync_group VG1 {

group {

VI_1

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state MASTER

#state BACKUPinterfaceenp0s3

virtual_router_id51priority90advert_int1#nopreempt

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass1234}

track_script {

check_run

}

notify_master/home/mysql/mymaster.sh

notify_backup/home/mysql/mybackup.sh

notify_stop/home/mysql/mystop.sh

virtual_ipaddress {192.168.158.30/24}

}

[root@localhost keepalived]#

3.3> 重新启动相关服务

# systemctl restart keepalived

三、切换验证

1. 保证两台主机上面keepalived、MySQL服务都是正常启动着的.

2. 停止主端

2.1> 将MySQL进程杀死

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mysqld

2.2> 检查状态

主端查看脚本切换日志

[root@localhost ~]# tail -100f /home/mysql/logs/mysql_switch.log

......2019-08-27 23:34:34 The scripts mycheck.sh isrunning ...2019-08-27 23:34:44 The scripts mycheck.sh isrunning ...2019-08-27 23:34:54 The scripts mycheck.sh isrunning ...2019-08-27 23:35:04 The scripts mycheck.sh isrunning ...2019-08-27 23:35:14 The scripts mycheck.sh isrunning ...2019-08-27 23:35:25 The mycheck.sh, mysql is down, after switch...

2.3> 主端查看浮动IP地址的切换过程。

#浮动IP地址原先在Master端，如下：

# 切换后，在从Master端验查看，浮动IP已被切走到备机

# 在Slave端查看验证，确认

# 外部ping浮动IP地址效果，有一个丢包

2.4> 主端Keepalived日志/var/log/messages如下：

Aug 27 23:35:16localhost systemd: Stopping MySQL Server...

Aug27 23:35:19localhost systemd: Stopped MySQL Server.

Aug27 23:35:24localhost systemd: Stopping SYSV: Start and stop Keepalived...

Aug27 23:35:24 localhost Keepalived[10554]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.13 (08/17,2019)

Aug27 23:35:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[10557]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0priority

Aug27 23:35:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[10557]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.

Aug27 23:35:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[10556]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.158.30removed

Aug27 23:35:24localhost keepalived: Stopping keepalived: [ OK ]

Aug27 23:35:24localhost systemd: Stopped SYSV: Start and stop Keepalived.

Aug27 23:35:29 localhost systemd: Started Session 23of user root.

Aug27 23:35:29 localhost systemd-logind: New session 23of user root.

Aug27 23:35:29 localhost systemd-logind: Removed session 23.

2.5> 备端查看切换日志/home/mysql/logs/mysql_switch.log

2019-08-27 23:35:29 The scripts mycheck.sh isrunning ...2019-08-27 23:35:30The mymaster.sh, slave sync ok...2019-08-27 23:35:32The mymaster.sh, Sync pos file sucess.2019-08-27 23:35:39 The scripts mycheck.sh is running ...

2.6> 备端查看/var/log/messages.log日志

Aug 27 23:35:28 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[23052]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

Aug27 23:35:28 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[23052]: VRRP_Group(VG1) Syncing instances to MASTER state

Aug27 23:35:29 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[23052]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

Aug27 23:35:29 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[23052]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

Aug27 23:35:29 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23051]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.158.30added

Aug27 23:35:29 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[23052]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on enp0s3 for 192.168.158.30Aug27 23:35:34 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[23052]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on enp0s3 for 192.168.158.30

# mysql_config_editor set --login-path=local --user=root --port=3306 --password# mysql_config_editor print --all

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_35067558/article/details/113164541