zookeeper客户端zkCli.sh 的增删改查

前言

zk使用场景非常的多，今天收集了zk操作的客户端指令，供大家参考

登录zk服务命令

./zkCli.sh -timeout 5000 -server 127.0.0.1:2181

客户端与ZooKeeper建立链接

timeout：超时时间，单位毫秒

r：只读模式，当节点坏掉的时候，还可以提供读服务

登录成功显示如下：

root@941881570b74:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin# ./zkCli.sh -timeout 5000  -server 127.0.0.1:2181
Connecting to 127.0.0.1:2181
2020-10-09 09:33:29,691 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.6.2--803c7f1a12f85978cb049af5e4ef23bd8b688715, built on 09/04/2020 12:44 GMT
2020-10-09 09:33:29,694 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:host.name=941881570b74
2020-10-09 09:33:29,694 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:java.version=11.0.8
2020-10-09 09:33:29,696 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:java.vendor=N/A
2020-10-09 09:33:29,697 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:java.home=/usr/local/openjdk-11
2020-10-09 09:33:29,697 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:java.class.path=/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../zookeeper-server/target/classes:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../build/classes:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../zookeeper-server/target/lib/*.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../build/lib/*.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/zookeeper-prometheus-metrics-3.6.2.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/zookeeper-jute-3.6.2.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/zookeeper-3.6.2.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/snappy-java-1.1.7.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/simpleclient_servlet-0.6.0.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/simpleclient_hotspot-0.6.0.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/simpleclient_common-0.6.0.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/simpleclient-0.6.0.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/netty-transport-native-unix-common-4.1.50.Final.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.1.50.Final.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/netty-transport-4.1.50.Final.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/netty-resolver-4.1.50.Final.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/netty-handler-4.1.50.Final.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/netty-common-4.1.50.Final.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/netty-codec-4.1.50.Final.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/netty-buffer-4.1.50.Final.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/metrics-core-3.2.5.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/json-simple-1.1.1.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/jline-2.14.6.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/jetty-util-9.4.24.v20191120.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/jetty-servlet-9.4.24.v20191120.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/jetty-server-9.4.24.v20191120.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/jetty-security-9.4.24.v20191120.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/jetty-io-9.4.24.v20191120.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/jetty-http-9.4.24.v20191120.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/javax.servlet-api-3.1.0.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/jackson-databind-2.10.3.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/jackson-core-2.10.3.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/jackson-annotations-2.10.3.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../lib/audience-annotations-0.5.0.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../zookeeper-*.jar:/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin/../zookeeper-server/src/main/resources/lib/*.jar:/conf:
2020-10-09 09:33:29,697 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:java.library.path=/usr/java/packages/lib:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib
2020-10-09 09:33:29,697 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:java.io.tmpdir=/tmp
2020-10-09 09:33:29,698 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:java.compiler=<NA>
2020-10-09 09:33:29,698 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:os.name=Linux
2020-10-09 09:33:29,698 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:os.arch=amd64
2020-10-09 09:33:29,698 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:os.version=4.19.76-linuxkit
2020-10-09 09:33:29,699 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:user.name=root
2020-10-09 09:33:29,699 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:user.home=/root
2020-10-09 09:33:29,699 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:user.dir=/apache-zookeeper-3.6.2-bin/bin
2020-10-09 09:33:29,699 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:os.memory.free=29MB
2020-10-09 09:33:29,701 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:os.memory.max=256MB
2020-10-09 09:33:29,702 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@98] - Client environment:os.memory.total=32MB
2020-10-09 09:33:29,706 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ZooKeeper@1006] - Initiating client connection, connectString=127.0.0.1:2181 sessionTimeout=5000 watcher=org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeperMain$MyWatcher@442675e1
2020-10-09 09:33:29,715 [myid:] - INFO  [main:X509Util@77] - Setting -D jdk.tls.rejectClientInitiatedRenegotiation=true to disable client-initiated TLS renegotiation
2020-10-09 09:33:29,729 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ClientCnxnSocket@239] - jute.maxbuffer value is 1048575 Bytes
2020-10-09 09:33:29,742 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ClientCnxn@1716] - zookeeper.request.timeout value is 0. feature enabled=false
Welcome to ZooKeeper!
2020-10-09 09:33:29,788 [myid:127.0.0.1:2181] - INFO  [main-SendThread(127.0.0.1:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@1167] - Opening socket connection to server localhost/127.0.0.1:2181.
2020-10-09 09:33:29,795 [myid:127.0.0.1:2181] - INFO  [main-SendThread(127.0.0.1:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@1169] - SASL config status: Will not attempt to authenticate using SASL (unknown error)
JLine support is enabled
2020-10-09 09:33:29,811 [myid:127.0.0.1:2181] - INFO  [main-SendThread(127.0.0.1:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@999] - Socket connection established, initiating session, client: /127.0.0.1:55796, server: localhost/127.0.0.1:2181
2020-10-09 09:33:29,831 [myid:127.0.0.1:2181] - INFO  [main-SendThread(127.0.0.1:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@1433] - Session establishment complete on server localhost/127.0.0.1:2181, session id = 0x100001dedb40012, negotiated timeout = 5000

WATCHER::

WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:None path:null
[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 0]

如上，表示我们和ZooKeeper建立了连接，可以通过命令与ZooKeeper进行交互了

h：帮助列表

[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 0] h
ZooKeeper -server host:port -client-configuration properties-file cmd args
        addWatch [-m mode] path # optional mode is one of [PERSISTENT, PERSISTENT_RECURSIVE] - default is PERSISTENT_RECURSIVE
        addauth scheme auth
        close
        config [-c] [-w] [-s]
        connect host:port
        create [-s] [-e] [-c] [-t ttl] path [data] [acl]
        delete [-v version] path
        deleteall path [-b batch size]
        delquota [-n|-b] path
        get [-s] [-w] path
        getAcl [-s] path
        getAllChildrenNumber path
        getEphemerals path
        history
        listquota path
        ls [-s] [-w] [-R] path
        printwatches on|off
        quit
        reconfig [-s] [-v version] [[-file path] | [-members serverID=host:port1:port2;port3[,...]*]] | [-add serverId=host:port1:port2;port3[,...]]* [-remove serverId[,...]*]
        redo cmdno
        removewatches path [-c|-d|-a] [-l]
        set [-s] [-v version] path data
        setAcl [-s] [-v version] [-R] path acl
        setquota -n|-b val path
        stat [-w] path
        sync path
        version
Command not found: Command not found h
[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 1]

显示能够执行的命令

命令分类和数据库相似，大概可以分为增删改查四类

ZooKeeper数据结构：

大多数时候，我们队ZooKeeper的操作都是在对节点进行增删改查

常用命令

- 查询相关指令
ls path：列出path下的文件

[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls /
[admin, brokers, cluster, config, consumers, controller, controller_epoch, etlAddTaskPath, isr_change_notification, latest_producer_id_block, log_dir_event_notification, zookeeper]
[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 2]

如上：列出根目录节点下的所有文件

stat path：查看节点状态

[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 2] stat /zookeeper
cZxid = 0x0
ctime = Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 UTC 1970
mZxid = 0x0
mtime = Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 UTC 1970
pZxid = 0x0
cversion = -2
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 0
numChildren = 2
[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 3]

cZxid:创建节点时的事务id
pZxid:子节点列表最后一次被修改的事务id
cversion:节点版本号
dataCersion:数据版本号
aclVerson:acl权限版本号

…

get path：获取指定节点的内容

ls2 path：列出path节点的子节点及状态信息

- 创建指令
create [-s] [-e] path data acl

[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 3] create /test_node_1 123
Created /test_node_1

如上：在根目录创建了test_node_1节点，携带数据 123

使用 get /test_node_1 验证是否添加节点及其数据成功

[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 6] get /test_node_1
123

创建了一个临时节点（-e），并且携带数据234，使用stat命令查看这个新建的临时节点

[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 15] create -e /test_node_1/node_1_1 234
Created /test_node_1/node_1_1

使用 get /temp_node_1验证是否添加节点及其数据成功

[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 4] get /test_node_1/node_1_1
234

使用stat命令查看这个新建的临时节点

[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 5] stat  /test_node_1/node_1_1
cZxid = 0x3a6
ctime = Fri Oct 09 09:46:39 UTC 2020
mZxid = 0x3a6
mtime = Fri Oct 09 09:46:39 UTC 2020
pZxid = 0x3a6
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x100001dedb40013
dataLength = 4
numChildren = 0
[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 6]

ephemeralOwner值不再是0，表示这个临时节点的版本号，如果是永久节点则其值为 0x0

通过使用-s参数，创建一个顺序节点，我们虽然指定的节点名是node_1_1，但是实际上，名称却是 node_1_10000000001，如果我们重复执行：

[zk: 127.0.0.1:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create -s /test_node_1/node_1_1 234
Created /test_node_1/node_1_10000000001

重复执行的效果图

这个特性，我们可以利用一下，生成在分布式环境下的主键生成器

-s 和 -e 可以同时使用

• 删除指令：
  delete path [version]

删除指定节点数据，其version参数的作用于set指定一致

delete /test_node_1/node_1_10000000001

整个节点全删除

注意：delete只能删除不包含子节点的节点，如果要删除的节点包含子节点，使用deleteall命令

deleteall /node_1