【leyou笔记】elasticsearch

Elasticsearch

是一个分布式的RESTful风格的搜索和数据分析引擎，能够解决不断涌现出的各种用例。作为Elastic Stack的核心，它存储您的数据，帮助您发现意料之中以及意料之外的情况。

特点：

实时搜索
速度快
分布式（无序人工搭建集群）
Rest风格

1.安装

虚拟机安装Elasticsearch

上传压缩包
解压
切换到leyou用户（elasticsearch不能使用root账户运行）
```
$ id leyou
```

改变文件的权限为属于leyou

$ chown leyou:leyou elasticsearch-6.2.4. -R

修改文件名称
```
$ mv elasticsearch-6.2.4 elasticsearch
```
配置jvm
```
$ vim /home/leyou/elasticsearch/config/jvm.options
```
修改jvm堆内存大小，-Xms1g改为-Xms256m，-Xmx1g改为Xmx256m
配置elasticsearch.yml
```
$ vim /home/leyou/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml
```
修改数据目录为：path.data: /home/leyou/elasticsearch/data
修改日志目录为：path.logs: /home/leyou/elasticsearch/logs
修改主机地址为：network.host: 0.0.0.0
创建data目录
```
$ mkdir /home/leyou/elasticsearch/data
```
将data目录设置所属为leyou
```
$chown leyou:leyou . -R
```

使用leyou用户启动

$ /home/leyou/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch

出现错误信息：

ERROR: [4] bootstrap checks failed
[1]: max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65535]
[2]: max number of threads [3069] for user [leyou] is too low, increase to at least [4096]
[3]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
[4]: the default discovery settings are unsuitable for production use; at least one of [discovery.seed_hosts, discovery.seed_providers, cluster.initial_master_nodes] must be configured
ERROR: Elasticsearch did not exit normally - check the logs at /home/leyou/elasticsearch/logs/elasticsearch.log

10.1.用root账号修改配置文件

$vim /etc/security/limits.conf

添加以下内容：

* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 4096
* hard nproc 4096

10.2.修改进程数量

$ vim /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf

添加

* soft nproc 4096

10.3.修改虚拟内存

$ vim /etc/sysctl.conf

添加

vm.max_map_count=655360

执行

$ sysctl -p

出现vm.max_map_count = 655360表示配置生效

10.4.重新连接虚拟机

10.5.启动

$ /home/leyou/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch

本机安装Kibana

下载安装包
解压

配置

修改config下的kibana.yml

elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://192.168.116.128:9200"]

双击kibana.bat运行

测试访问localhost:5601

dev-tools

POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer":"ik_max_word",
  "text":"我是中国人"
}

结果

{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "我",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 1,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "是",
      "start_offset" : 1,
      "end_offset" : 2,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "中国人",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 5,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "中国",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 4,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "国人",
      "start_offset" : 3,
      "end_offset" : 5,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 4
    }
  ]
}

POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer":"ik_smart",
  "text":"我是中国人"
}

结果

{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "我",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 1,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "是",
      "start_offset" : 1,
      "end_offset" : 2,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "中国人",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 5,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 2
    }
  ]
}

安装Elasticsearch-analysis-ik分词器

下载安装包
上传到/home/leyou/elasticsearch/plugins/
解压
重新启动elasticsearch

2.ElasticSearch API 和操作索引

Rest风格的API，即http请求接口

2.1 基本概念

对比关系

索引集(indexs)–Databases数据库

类型(type)—Table数据库表

文档(Document)—Row行

字段(Field)—Columns列

一个索引库里面只有一种类型的文档，对应数据库中一种类型的数据

索引集（indexs）：逻辑上的完整索引

分片（shard）：数据拆分后的各个部分

副本（replica）：每个分片的复制

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2.2 创建索引

Elasticsearch采用Rest风格API，因此其API就是一次http请求，你可以用任何工具发起http请求

创建索引的请求格式

请求方式：PUT
请求路径：/索引名称
请求参数：json格式

{
	"settings":{
		"number_of_shards":3,
		"number_of_replicas":2
	}
}

返回结果

{
  "acknowledged": true,
  "shards_acknowledged": true,
  "index": "heima"
}

表示创建索引成功

使用kibana

PUT /hema2
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1,
    "number_of_replicas": 1
  }
}

结果

{
  "acknowledged" : true,
  "shards_acknowledged" : true,
  "index" : "hema2"
}

使用kibana查询hema2

GET /hema2

结果

{
  "hema2" : {
    "aliases" : { },
    "mappings" : { },
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "creation_date" : "1588240621231",
        "number_of_shards" : "1",
        "number_of_replicas" : "1",
        "uuid" : "njLBk0vGSOe01pAxNeEYBQ",
        "version" : {
          "created" : "7060299"
        },
        "provided_name" : "hema2"
      }
    }
  }
}

删除hema2

DELETE /hema2

查询hema2

GET /hema2

结果显示404

{
  "error" : {
    "root_cause" : [
      {
        "type" : "index_not_found_exception",
        "reason" : "no such index [hema2]",
        "resource.type" : "index_or_alias",
        "resource.id" : "hema2",
        "index_uuid" : "_na_",
        "index" : "hema2"
      }
    ],
    "type" : "index_not_found_exception",
    "reason" : "no such index [hema2]",
    "resource.type" : "index_or_alias",
    "resource.id" : "hema2",
    "index_uuid" : "_na_",
    "index" : "hema2"
  },
  "status" : 404
}

2.3 创建映射字段

请求方式：PUT

PUT /索引库名/_mapping/类型名称
{
  "properties":{
    "字段名":{
     "type":"类型",
      "index":true,
      "store":true,
      "analyzer":"分词器" 
    }
  }
}

类型名称：前面type的概念
type：类型，可以实text、long、short、date、integer、object等
index：是否索引，默认为true
store：是否存储，默认为false
analyzer：分词器，这里的ik_max_word即使用ik分词器

示例

PUT /heima/_mapping
{
  "properties":{
      "title":{
        "type":"text",
        "analyzer":"ik_max_word"
      },
      "images":{
        "type":"keyword",
        "index":"false"
      },
      "price":{
        "type":"float"
      }
    }
}

"type":"text",text类型是可分词的、"index":"false"表示不用于索引

返回结果

{
  "acknowledged" : true
}

查询

GET /heima/

结果

{
  "heima" : {
    "aliases" : { },
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "images" : {
          "type" : "keyword",
          "index" : false
        },
        "price" : {
          "type" : "float"
        },
        "title" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "analyzer" : "ik_max_word"
        }
      }
    },
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "creation_date" : "1588240438655",
        "number_of_shards" : "3",
        "number_of_replicas" : "2",
        "uuid" : "vikINtFSQ7KFwThXTeF9WA",
        "version" : {
          "created" : "7060299"
        },
        "provided_name" : "heima"
      }
    }
  }
}

字段可加的属性：

type，表示字段的类型，常用的又string、numerical、date还有复杂类型如对象，
例如{gril:{name:“rose”,age:21}}会被处理成两个字段，gril.name和gril.age
index，true表示能根据这个字段搜索，false表示不能根据这个字段搜索、默认值为true
store，默认值是false，在elasticsearch中不通过该字段来设置一个字段要不要显示，即便是false也能搜索到结果，原因是elseticsearch在创建文档索引的时候，会将文档中的原始数据备份，保存到一个_source的属性中，而且我们可以通过过滤_source来决定哪些要显示，哪些不要显示

2.4 新增数据

demo1 通过POST请求，向索引库中添加数据

POST /索引库名/类型名
{
	"key":"value"
}

示例

POST /heima/_doc
{
  "title":"小米手机",
  "images":"http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
  "price":2699.0
}

结果

{
  "_index" : "heima",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "4H3wynEBcst0HpnrTPRf",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 0,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

demo2 每条数据都有一个_id，上述id为自动生成，其值也能自己指定，如下

POST /heima/_doc/1
{
  "title":"大米手机",
  "images":"http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
  "price":2899.0
}

结果

{
  "_index" : "heima",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 1,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

demo3 查询所有

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {"match_all": {}}
}

结果

{
  "took" : 915,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4H3wynEBcst0HpnrTPRf",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "小米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
          "price" : 2699.0
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
          "price" : 2899.0
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

demo4 查询

GET /heima/_doc/1

结果

{
  "_index" : "heima",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_seq_no" : 1,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "title" : "大米手机",
    "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
    "price" : 2899.0
  }
}

demo5 新增数据，该数据字段数目与之前的不同

POST /heima/_doc/3
{
  "title":"超米手机",
  "images":"http://image.leyou.com",
  "price":2399,
  "stock":200,
  "saleable":true,
  "subTitle":"呵呵"
}

响应：

{
  "_index" : "heima",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "3",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 0,
  "_primary_term" : 4
}

查询所有

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {"match_all": {}}
}

响应：

{
  "took" : 134,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 4,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "超米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4H3wynEBcst0HpnrTPRf",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "小米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
          "price" : 2699.0
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
          "price" : 2899.0
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "lcv-zXEB8nnTwNGWdjnf",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "超米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

查询映射

GET /heima/_mapping

发现多了两个字段

{
  "heima" : {
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "images" : {
          "type" : "keyword",
          "index" : false
        },
        "price" : {
          "type" : "float"
        },
        "saleable" : {
          "type" : "boolean"
        },
        "stock" : {
          "type" : "long"
        },
        "subTitle" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        },
        "title" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "analyzer" : "ik_max_word"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

stock和saleable被成功映射了

如果存储的是string类型数据，elasticsearch会存入两个字段

name：text类型
name.keyword：keyword类型

2.5 修改数据

PUT请求方式，请求参数和POST新增数据时一样，但是请求要指定数据的id，如果id存在，则表示更新数据

如果id不存在的情况下，则为新增数据

demo1 id存在的情况下，表示更新数据

PUT /heima/_doc/3
{
          "title" : "超大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
}

响应：

{
  "_index" : "heima",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "3",
  "_version" : 2,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 1,
  "_primary_term" : 4
}

result的值为update，表示更新

demo2 id不存在的情况下，表示新增数据：

PUT /heima/_doc/2
{
          "title" : "不存在的大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
}

响应：

{
  "_index" : "heima",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "2",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 3,
  "_primary_term" : 4
}

result的值为created，表示创建了数据

2.6 删除数据

根据id进行删除

DELETE /索引库名/类型名/id值

3.查询

3.1 全文检索查询

查询模板

GET /索引库名/_search
{
  "query": {"match": {
    "FIELD": "TEXT"
  }}
}

需要指定字段名FIELD和要查询的内容TEXT

demo1 查询title字段为“大米手机”的数据

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
      "match": {
      "title": "大米手机"
  	}
  }
}

响应：

{
  "took" : 64,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 5,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.1835277,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.1835277,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
          "price" : 2899.0
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.42221838,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "超大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.320886,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "不存在的大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4H3wynEBcst0HpnrTPRf",
        "_score" : 0.14181954,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "小米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
          "price" : 2699.0
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "lcv-zXEB8nnTwNGWdjnf",
        "_score" : 0.11955717,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "超米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

因为查询条件，和索引库中的数据都做了分词，所以与“大米手机”有关的数据都查询出来了，这种查询，词条之间的关系为or

在查询时词条之间采用and的方式，则使用如下的方式进行查询

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
          "query":"大米手机",
          "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}

响应：

{
  "took" : 18,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 3,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.1835277,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.1835277,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
          "price" : 2899.0
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.42221838,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "超大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.320886,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "不存在的大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

查询所有

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
    }
}

query代表查询对象
match_all代表查询所有

响应：

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 5,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "不存在的大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "超大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4H3wynEBcst0HpnrTPRf",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "小米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
          "price" : 2699.0
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
          "price" : 2899.0
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "lcv-zXEB8nnTwNGWdjnf",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "超米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

took：花费时间，单位是毫秒
time_out：是否超时
_shards：分片信息
hits：搜索结果总览对象
- total：搜索到的总条数
- max_score：结果文档中的最高得分
- hits：搜索到的全部文档的对象数组
  - _index：索引库
  - _type：文档类型
  - _id：文档id
  - _score：文档得分
  - _source：文档的源数据

or和and之间

match支持minimum_should_match最小匹配数查询

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
          "query":"大米手机",
          "minimum_should_match": "75%"
      }
    }
  }
}

minimum_should_match设置为一个百分数，表示匹配到总词条数的75%即可

3.2 多字段搜索

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "小米",
      "fields": ["title","subTitle"]
    }
  }
}

3.3 词条搜索

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "title": {
        "value": "大米手机"
      }
    }
  }
}

将要查询的内容视为一个词条，不再对查询内容进行分词

查询结果

{
  "took" : 8,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 0,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  }
}

因此查询结果为0个，因为没有这个词条

词条查询适用于不分词的字段，除了text类型的字段外，其他类型的字段均不能分词

3.4 多词条精确匹配

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "price":[2399.00,2899.00]
       
    }
  }
}

3.5 结果过滤

设置_source:"title"，表示结果中只要求title字段

GET /heima/_search
{
  "_source": "title", 
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title":"大米手机"
       
    }
  }
}

响应：

{
  "took" : 9,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 5,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.1835277,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.1835277,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "大米手机"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.42221838,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "超大米手机"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.320886,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "不存在的大米手机"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4H3wynEBcst0HpnrTPRf",
        "_score" : 0.14181954,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "小米手机"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "lcv-zXEB8nnTwNGWdjnf",
        "_score" : 0.11955717,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "超米手机"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

可以看到_source中只包含title字段，这样做能提高搜索效率

如果保留多个字段

GET /heima/_search
{
  "_source": ["title","price"], 
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title":"大米手机"
    }
  }
}

如果排除多个字段

GET /heima/_search
{
  "_source": {
    "excludes": "images"
  },
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title":"大米手机"
       
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "took" : 5,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 5,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.1835277,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.1835277,
        "_source" : {
          "price" : 2899.0,
          "title" : "大米手机"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.42221838,
        "_source" : {
          "subTitle" : "呵呵",
          "price" : 2399,
          "saleable" : true,
          "title" : "超大米手机",
          "stock" : 200
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.320886,
        "_source" : {
          "subTitle" : "呵呵",
          "price" : 2399,
          "saleable" : true,
          "title" : "不存在的大米手机",
          "stock" : 200
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4H3wynEBcst0HpnrTPRf",
        "_score" : 0.14181954,
        "_source" : {
          "price" : 2699.0,
          "title" : "小米手机"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "lcv-zXEB8nnTwNGWdjnf",
        "_score" : 0.11955717,
        "_source" : {
          "subTitle" : "呵呵",
          "price" : 2399,
          "saleable" : true,
          "title" : "超米手机",
          "stock" : 200
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

3.6 高级搜索

模糊查询

POST /heima/_doc/4
{
  "title":"apple",
  "images":"http://image.leyou.com",
  "price":6899.00
}

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "fuzzy": {
      "title": "appla"
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 246,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0995283,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.0995283,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "apple",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 6899.0
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

范围查询

查询价格大于1000，小于3000的数据

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "price": {
        "gte": 1000,
        "lte": 3000
      }
    }
  }
}

布尔查询

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"match": {
          "title": "apple"
        }},
        {
          "range": {
            "price": {
              "gte": 3000
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

查询title既能匹配apple并且price大于3000的数据

must：条件必须同时成立
should：至少有一个条件成立
must_not：条件必须同时都不成立

must的条件会影响的分，有range条件和没有range条件时，查询结果的得分不同

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"match": {
          "title": "大米"
        }},
        {
          "range": {
            "price": {
              "gte": 1000
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

如果不想must条件影响得分可以使用filter

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"match": {
          "title": "大米"
        }}
      ],
      "filter": [
        {"range": {
            "price": {
              "gte": 1000
            }
          }}
      ]
    }
  }

排序

根据price字段倒序排序

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"match": {
          "title": "大米"
        }}
      ],
      "filter": [
        {"range": {
            "price": {
              "gte": 1000
            }
          }}
      ]
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "price": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

{
  "took" : 5,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 3,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg",
          "price" : 2899.0
        },
        "sort" : [
          2899.0
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "不存在的大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        },
        "sort" : [
          2399.0
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "超大米手机",
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com",
          "price" : 2399,
          "stock" : 200,
          "saleable" : true,
          "subTitle" : "呵呵"
        },
        "sort" : [
          2399.0
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

分页

GET /heima/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"match": {
          "title": "大米"
        }}
      ],
      "filter": [
        {"range": {
            "price": {
              "gte": 1000
            }
          }}
      ]
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "price": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ],
  "from": 0,
  "size": 2
}

from：起始页
size：页大小

4.聚合

聚合常用的两种类型：桶和度量

聚合为桶的划分依据：

根据词条内容
根据数值阶梯划分
根据日期阶梯划分
根据数值和日期的范围

常用的度量聚合方式：

求平均值
求最大最小值
求百分比
求和
求前几
求总数
求avg、max、min、sum、count

示例

添加索引

PUT /cars
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1,
    "number_of_replicas": 0
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "color":{
        "type":"keyword"
      },
      "make":{
        "type": "keyword"
      }
    }
  }
}

添加数据

POST /cars/_doc/_bulk
{"index":{}}
{"price":10000,"color":"red","make":"honda","sold":"2014-10-28"}
{"index":{}}
{"price":20000,"color":"red","make":"honda","sold":"2014-11-05"}
{"index":{}}
{"price":30000,"color":"green","make":"ford","sold":"2014-05-18"}
{"index":{}}
{"price":15000,"color":"blue","make":"toyota","sold":"2014-07-12"}
{"index":{}}
{"price":12000,"color":"green","make":"toyota","sold":"2014-08-19"}
{"index":{}}
{"price":20000,"color":"red","make":"honda","sold":"2014-11-05"}
{"index":{}}
{"price":80000,"color":"red","make":"bmw","sold":"2014-01-01"}
{"index":{}}
{"price":25000,"color":"blue","make":"ford","sold":"2014-02-12"}

根据制造商查询

GET /cars/_search
{
  "size": 0, 
  "aggs": {
    "max_popular": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "make"
      }
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 8,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  },
  "aggregations" : {
    "max_popular" : {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count" : 0,
      "buckets" : [
        {
          "key" : "honda",
          "doc_count" : 3
        },
        {
          "key" : "ford",
          "doc_count" : 2
        },
        {
          "key" : "toyota",
          "doc_count" : 2
        },
        {
          "key" : "bmw",
          "doc_count" : 1
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

size表示搜索结果，这是将搜索结果设置为0，aggregations表示聚合结果，max_popular表示聚合的名字，buckets表示桶，key表示分桶的字段，doc_count表示这一个桶有多少条数据。

求平均值

GET /cars/_search
{
  "size": 0, 
  "aggs": {
    "popular_brand": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "make"
      },
      "aggs": {
        "price_avg": {
          "avg": {
            "field": "price"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

结果

{
  "took" : 229,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 8,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  },
  "aggregations" : {
    "popular_brand" : {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count" : 0,
      "buckets" : [
        {
          "key" : "honda",
          "doc_count" : 3,
          "price_avg" : {
            "value" : 16666.666666666668
          }
        },
        {
          "key" : "ford",
          "doc_count" : 2,
          "price_avg" : {
            "value" : 27500.0
          }
        },
        {
          "key" : "toyota",
          "doc_count" : 2,
          "price_avg" : {
            "value" : 13500.0
          }
        },
        {
          "key" : "bmw",
          "doc_count" : 1,
          "price_avg" : {
            "value" : 80000.0
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

创建统计图

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动态仪表盘

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5.Elasticsearch java客户端

创建一个maven项目 groupId：com.leyou.demo，ArtifactId：es-demo

引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.leyou.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>es-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>elasticsearch</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yaml

spring:
  data:
    elasticsearch:
      cluster-name: elasticsearch
      cluster-nodes: 192.168.116.128:9300

创建启动类

package com.leyou;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class EsApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EsApplication.class);
    }
}

5.1 创建索引库

创建实体类Item

package com.leyou.es.pojo;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Field;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.FieldType;

@Data
@Document(indexName = "heima3",type = "item",shards = 1)
public class Item {
    @Field(type = FieldType.Long)
    @Id
    Long id;
    @Field(type = FieldType.Text,analyzer = "ik_smart")
    String title;
    @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword)
    String category;
    @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword)
    String brand;
    @Field(type = FieldType.Double)
    Double price;
    @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword,index = false)
    String images;
}

创建测试类

package com.leyou.es.demo;

import com.leyou.es.pojo.Item;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class EsTest {
    @Autowired
    ElasticsearchTemplate template;

    @Test
    public void testCreate(){
        // 创建索引库
        template.createIndex(Item.class);
        // 创建映射
        template.putMapping(Item.class);

    }

}

执行测试类，添加索引库和映射关系
查询
```
GET /heima3/_mapping
```

结果

{
  "heima3" : {
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "brand" : {
          "type" : "keyword"
        },
        "category" : {
          "type" : "keyword"
        },
        "id" : {
          "type" : "keyword"
        },
        "images" : {
          "type" : "keyword",
          "index" : false
        },
        "price" : {
          "type" : "double"
        },
        "title" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "analyzer" : "ik_smart"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

5.2 批量新增数据

新建一个ItemRepository接口继承ElasticsearchRepository

package com.leyou.es.repository;
java
import com.leyou.es.pojo.Item;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository;

public interface ItemRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Item,Long> {
}

批量新增数据

    @Test
    public void insetIndex(){
        List<Item> items = new ArrayList<>();
        items.add(new Item(1L,"小米手机7","手机","小米",3299.00,"http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg"));
        items.add(new Item(2L,"坚果手机R1","手机","锤子",3699.00,"http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg"));
        items.add(new Item(3L,"华为手机MATE10","手机","华为",4499.00,"http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg"));
        items.add(new Item(4L,"小米手机Min2S","手机","小米",4299.00,"http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg"));
        items.add(new Item(5L,"荣耀V10","手机","华为",2799.00,"http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg"));

        itemRepository.saveAll(items);
    }

查询

GET /heima3/_search
{
  "query": {"match_all": {}}
}

结果

{
  "took" : 158,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 5,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "heima3",
        "_type" : "item",
        "_id" : "5",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 5,
          "title" : "荣耀V10",
          "category" : "手机",
          "brand" : "华为",
          "price" : 2799.0,
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima3",
        "_type" : "item",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 2,
          "title" : "坚果手机R1",
          "category" : "手机",
          "brand" : "锤子",
          "price" : 3699.0,
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima3",
        "_type" : "item",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 3,
          "title" : "华为手机MATE10",
          "category" : "手机",
          "brand" : "华为",
          "price" : 4499.0,
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima3",
        "_type" : "item",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 4,
          "title" : "小米手机Min2S",
          "category" : "手机",
          "brand" : "小米",
          "price" : 4299.0,
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "heima3",
        "_type" : "item",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 1,
          "title" : "小米手机7",
          "category" : "手机",
          "brand" : "小米",
          "price" : 3299.0,
          "images" : "http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

5.3 查询

    @Test
    public void testFind(){
        Iterable<Item> all = itemRepository.findAll();
        for (Item item : all) {
            System.out.println(item);
        }
    }

结果

Item(id=5, title=荣耀V10, category=手机, brand=华为, price=2799.0, images=http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg)
Item(id=2, title=坚果手机R1, category=手机, brand=锤子, price=3699.0, images=http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg)
Item(id=3, title=华为手机MATE10, category=手机, brand=华为, price=4499.0, images=http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg)
Item(id=4, title=小米手机Min2S, category=手机, brand=小米, price=4299.0, images=http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg)
Item(id=1, title=小米手机7, category=手机, brand=小米, price=3299.0, images=http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg)

5.4 复杂查询，根据价格范围查询（自定义查询）

在接口中写一个根据价格范围查询的方法

package com.leyou.es.repository;

import com.leyou.es.pojo.Item;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository;

import java.util.List;

public interface ItemRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Item,Long> {
    public List<Item> findByPriceBetween(Double start, Double end);
}

测试范围查询

	 @Autowired
    ItemRepository itemRepository;

	@Test
    public void testFindBy(){
        List<Item> itemList = itemRepository.findByPriceBetween(2000d, 4000d);
        for (Item item : itemList) {
            System.out.println(item);
        }
    }

结果

Item(id=5, title=荣耀V10, category=手机, brand=华为, price=2799.0, images=http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg)
Item(id=2, title=坚果手机R1, category=手机, brand=锤子, price=3699.0, images=http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg)
Item(id=1, title=小米手机7, category=手机, brand=小米, price=3299.0, images=http://image.leyou.com/123.jpg)

Spring Data Elasticsearch 这种自定义查询不能使用聚合，聚合要使用elasticsearch的原生API

5.5 使用elasticsearch的原生API查询

    @Autowired
    ItemRepository itemRepository;

	@Test
    public void testQuery(){
        // 创建查询构建器
        NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder();
        // 结果过滤
        queryBuilder.withSourceFilter(new FetchSourceFilter(new String[]{"id", "title", "price"}, null));
        // 添加查询条件
        queryBuilder.withQuery(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("title", "小米手机"));
        // 倒序排序
        queryBuilder.withSort(SortBuilders.fieldSort("price").order(SortOrder.DESC));
        // 分页
        queryBuilder.withPageable(PageRequest.of(0, 2));

        Page<Item> result = itemRepository.search(queryBuilder.build());
        long totalElements = result.getTotalElements();
        System.out.println("totalElements=" + totalElements);
        int totalPages = result.getTotalPages();
        System.out.println("totalPages=" + totalPages);
        List<Item> content = result.getContent();
        for (Item item : content) {
            System.out.println("item="+item);
        }
    }

查询结果

totalElements=4
totalPages=2
item=Item(id=3, title=华为手机MATE10, category=null, brand=null, price=4499.0, images=null)
item=Item(id=4, title=小米手机Min2S, category=null, brand=null, price=4299.0, images=null)

查询构建器时Spring Data提供的，通过构建器添加查询和过滤条件，这些查询和过滤条件时elasticsearch提供的，然后使用Spring Data 提供的itemRepository进行搜索，其返回值是一个分页结果，上面查询的结果和kibana查询结果相同

GET /heima3/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "小米手机"
    }
  },
  "_source": ["id","title","price"],
  "sort": [
    {
      "price": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ],
  "from": 0,
  "size": 2
}

kibana中的from是指数据起始位置，而程序中分页时用的page，指的是起始页

5.6 聚合查询，根据品牌聚合

	@Autowired
    ElasticsearchTemplate template;
	@Test
    public void testAggs(){
        NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder();
        String aggName = "popular_brand";
        // 聚合
        queryBuilder.addAggregation(AggregationBuilders.terms(aggName).field("brand"));
        // 查询并返回聚合结果
        AggregatedPage<Item> result = template.queryForPage(queryBuilder.build(), Item.class);
        // 解析聚合结果
        Aggregations aggs = result.getAggregations();
        // 指定聚合名称的聚合
        StringTerms terms = aggs.get(aggName);

        // 获取桶
        List<StringTerms.Bucket> buckets = terms.getBuckets();
        for (StringTerms.Bucket bucket : buckets) {
            System.out.println("key=" + bucket.getKey());
            System.out.println("docCount=" + bucket.getDocCount());
        }
    }

查询结果

key=华为
docCount=2
key=小米
docCount=2
key=锤子
docCount=1

等价的kibana查询

GET /heima3/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "popular_brand": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "brand"
      }
    }
  }
}

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42059368/article/details/105930967

文章目录

Elasticsearch

1.安装

虚拟机安装Elasticsearch

本机安装Kibana

安装Elasticsearch-analysis-ik分词器

2.ElasticSearch API 和操作索引

2.1 基本概念

2.2 创建索引

2.3 创建映射字段

2.4 新增数据

2.5 修改数据

2.6 删除数据

3.查询

3.1 全文检索查询

3.2 多字段搜索

3.3 词条搜索

3.4 多词条精确匹配

3.5 结果过滤

3.6 高级搜索

4.聚合

5.Elasticsearch java客户端

5.1 创建索引库

5.2 批量新增数据

5.3 查询

5.4 复杂查询，根据价格范围查询（自定义查询）

5.5 使用elasticsearch的原生API查询

5.6 聚合查询，根据品牌聚合