WebSocket+Netty实现消息推送

1、引入Netty的依赖
<dependency>
 <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
 <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> 
 <version>4.1.33.Final</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
 <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
 <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
 <version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>


2、在NettyConfig中定义一个channel组,管理所有的channel,再定义一个map,管理用户与channel的对应关系。
/**
 * @author sixiaojie
 * @date 2020-03-28-15:07
 */
public class NettyConfig {
  /**
   * 定义一个channel组,管理所有的channel
   * GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE 是全局的事件执行器,是一个单例
   */
  private static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
 
  /**
   * 存放用户与Chanel的对应信息,用于给指定用户发送消息
   */
  private static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> userChannelMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
  private NettyConfig() {}
   
  /**
   * 获取channel组
   * @return
   */
  public static ChannelGroup getChannelGroup() {
    return channelGroup;
  }
 
  /**
   * 获取用户channel map
   * @return
   */
  public static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> getUserChannelMap(){
    return userChannelMap;
  }
}


3、创建NettyServer,定义两个EventLoopGroup,bossGroup辅助客户端的tcp连接请求, workGroup负责与客户端之前的读写操作,需要说明的是,需要开启一个新的线程来执行netty server,要不然会阻塞主线程,到时候就无法调用项目的其他controller接口了
@Component
public class NettyServer{
  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class);
  /**
   * webSocket协议名
   */
  private static final String WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL = "WebSocket";
 
  /**
   * 端口号
   */
  @Value("${webSocket.netty.port:58080}")
  private int port;
 
  /**
   * webSocket路径
   */
  @Value("${webSocket.netty.path:/webSocket}")
  private String webSocketPath;
 
  @Autowired
  private WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler;
 
  private EventLoopGroup bossGroup;
  private EventLoopGroup workGroup;
 
  /**
   * 启动
   * @throws InterruptedException
   */
  private void start() throws InterruptedException {
    bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
    workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
    ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
    // bossGroup辅助客户端的tcp连接请求, workGroup负责与客户端之前的读写操作
    bootstrap.group(bossGroup,workGroup);
    // 设置NIO类型的channel
    bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
    // 设置监听端口
    bootstrap.localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port));
    // 连接到达时会创建一个通道
    bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
 
      @Override
      protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        // 流水线管理通道中的处理程序(Handler),用来处理业务
        // webSocket协议本身是基于http协议的,所以这边也要使用http编解码器
        ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
        ch.pipeline().addLast(new ObjectEncoder());
        // 以块的方式来写的处理器
        ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
        /*
        说明:
        1、http数据在传输过程中是分段的,HttpObjectAggregator可以将多个段聚合
        2、这就是为什么,当浏览器发送大量数据时,就会发送多次http请求
         */
        ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));
        /*
        说明:
        1、对应webSocket,它的数据是以帧(frame)的形式传递
        2、浏览器请求时 ws://localhost:58080/xxx 表示请求的uri
        3、核心功能是将http协议升级为ws协议,保持长连接
        */
        ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler(webSocketPath, WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL, true, 65536 * 10));
        // 自定义的handler,处理业务逻辑
        ch.pipeline().addLast(webSocketHandler);
 
      }
    });
    // 配置完成,开始绑定server,通过调用sync同步方法阻塞直到绑定成功
    ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind().sync();
    log.info("Server started and listen on:{}",channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
    // 对关闭通道进行监听
    channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
  }
 
  /**
   * 释放资源
   * @throws InterruptedException
   */
  @PreDestroy
  public void destroy() throws InterruptedException {
    if(bossGroup != null){
      bossGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
    }
    if(workGroup != null){
      workGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
    }
  }
  @PostConstruct()
  public void init() {
    //需要开启一个新的线程来执行netty server 服务器
    new Thread(() -> {
      try {
        start();
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }).start();
  }
}


4、具体实现业务的WebSocketHandler,具体实现逻辑看注释
/**
 * TextWebSocketFrame类型, 表示一个文本帧
 * @author sixiaojie
 * @date 2020-03-28-13:47
 */
@Component
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class WebSocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class);
 
  /**
   * 一旦连接,第一个被执行
   * @param ctx
   * @throws Exception
   */
  @Override
  public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
    log.info("handlerAdded 被调用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
    // 添加到channelGroup 通道组
    NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().add(ctx.channel());
  }
 
  /**
   * 读取数据
   */
  @Override
  protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
    log.info("服务器收到消息:{}",msg.text());
 
    // 获取用户ID,关联channel
    JSONObject jsonObject = JSONUtil.parseObj(msg.text());
    String uid = jsonObject.getStr("uid");
    NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().put(uid,ctx.channel());
 
    // 将用户ID作为自定义属性加入到channel中,方便随时channel中获取用户ID
    AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId");
    ctx.channel().attr(key).setIfAbsent(uid);
 
    // 回复消息
    ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服务器连接成功!"));
  }
 
  @Override
  public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
    log.info("handlerRemoved 被调用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
    // 删除通道
    NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel());
    removeUserId(ctx);
  }
 
  @Override
  public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
    log.info("异常:{}",cause.getMessage());
    // 删除通道
    NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel());
    removeUserId(ctx);
    ctx.close();
  }
 
  /**
   * 删除用户与channel的对应关系
   * @param ctx
   */
  private void removeUserId(ChannelHandlerContext ctx){
    AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId");
    String userId = ctx.channel().attr(key).get();
    NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().remove(userId);
  }
}
 
5、第四具体消息推送的接口
public interface PushService {
  /**
   * 推送给指定用户
   * @param userId
   * @param msg
   */
  void pushMsgToOne(String userId,String msg);
 
  /**
   * 推送给所有用户
   * @param msg
   */
  void pushMsgToAll(String msg);


 
}

@Service
@Slf4j
public class PushServiceImpl implements PushService {

    @Override
    public void pushMsgToOne(String userId, String msg) {
        ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel> userChannelMap = NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap();
        Channel channel = userChannelMap.get(userId);
        if (null != channel) {
            channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void pushMsgToAll(String msg) {
        NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
    }
}




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