1. 安装docker的yum源

yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum makecache fast

2. 安装指定docker版本

# 查看最新的Docker版本
yum list docker-ce.x86_64  --showduplicates |sort -r
# 安装指定版本
yum install -y  docker-ce-19.03.15-3.el7

systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

3. docker常用配置

mkdir /etc/docker/
touch /etc/docker/daemon.json
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
    "bip": "10.250.0.1/24",
    "default-address-pools": [
	    {
	      "base": "10.251.0.1/20",
	      "size": 24
	    }
    ],
    "oom-score-adjust": -1000,
    "log-driver": "json-file",
    "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m",
    "max-file": "3"
    },
    "max-concurrent-downloads": 10,
    "max-concurrent-uploads": 10,
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://7bezldxe.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
    "storage-driver": "overlay2",
    "storage-opts": [
    "overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
    ]
}
EOF

# 上面的配置参数主要是参考rancher官方文档设置的

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker

参考：
https://rancher2.docs.rancher.cn/docs/rancher2.5/installation/requirements/installing-docker/_index