场景:调用接口完成某项操作,但是接口是强登录的,需要cookie, 且cookie会过期;服务器会限制登录的次数,如果一个账号频繁登录,则在短时间内无法正常登录,因此无法做到每调用接口一次就登录一次,且这样的效率也会比较低;
方法: 采用httpClient获取cookie, 并在接口上加入cookie校验;
核心代码:
0. 需要加入的jar包
1 importorg.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;2 importorg.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;3 importorg.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;4 importorg.apache.http.Header;5 importorg.apache.http.HttpResponse;6 importorg.apache.http.HttpStatus;7 importorg.apache.http.StatusLine;8 importorg.apache.http.client.CookieStore;9
10 importorg.apache.http.client.HttpClient;11 importorg.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;12 importorg.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;13
14 importorg.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;15
16 importorg.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;17 importorg.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;18
19 importorg.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;20 importorg.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;21 import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
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需要导入pom.xml文件的依赖
1
2 org.apache.httpcomponents
3 httpclient
4 4.5.5
5
6
7 commons-httpclient
8 commons-httpclient
9 3.1
10
1. 获取cookie, 其中
getUrl(loginUrl, username, password); 是将url进行拼接,loginUrl 加上登陆需要的参数拼接为一个请求
publicString getCookies(String username, String password){
CookieStore cookieStore= newBasicCookieStore();
HttpContext localContext= newBasicHttpContext();
localContext.setAttribute(COOKIE_STORE, cookieStore);
HttpClient client=HttpClients.createDefault();
String authUrl=getUrl(loginUrl, username, password);
System.out.println("authUrl = " +authUrl);
HttpPost post= newHttpPost(authUrl);try{
response=client.execute(post, localContext);
StatusLine statusLine=response.getStatusLine();int statusCode =statusLine.getStatusCode();
System.out.println("first execute code :" +statusCode);if(statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY || statusCode ==HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY){
Header firsRedirectHeader= response.getFirstHeader("location");
String firstRedirectUrl=firsRedirectHeader.getValue();
HttpGet get= newHttpGet(firstRedirectUrl);
HttpResponse getResponse=client.execute(get, localContext);
StatusLine statusLine2=getResponse.getStatusLine();int statusCode2 =statusLine2.getStatusCode();
System.out.println("second execute code :" +statusCode2);
System.out.println("cookie :" +cookieStore.getCookies());
List cookieList =cookieStore.getCookies();
StringBuffer tmpCookie= newStringBuffer();for(int i = 0 ; i < cookieList.size(); i++) {
tmpCookie.append(cookieList.get(i).getName()).append("=");
tmpCookie.append(cookieList.get(i).getValue()).append(";");
tmpCookie.append("domain=").append(cookieList.get(i).getDomain()).append(";");
tmpCookie.append("path=").append(cookieList.get(i).getPath()).append(";");
}
get.releaseConnection();returntmpCookie.toString();
}
}catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{if(post != null){
post.releaseConnection();
}
}return "-1";
}
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2. 获取到有效的cookie, 因为第一步获取到cookie后,cookie在一段时间内可能会失效,因此为了后面接口中带入有效的cookie, 这里还需要该函数来获取真正有效的cookie;
publicString getValidCookie(String cookie){if(cookie.contains("DICT_SESS")){returncookie;
}else{
Login login= newLogin();
String validCookie=login.getCookies(username, password);returnvalidCookie;
}
}
3. 真正执行接口的代码, for循环2次,第一次是去请求接口,如果接口返回的结果是403权限被拒绝,则需要调用login.getValidCookie()方法登录一次,获取真正的cookie.,然后进行第二次接口请求;
如果接口返回的结果是0, 则表示cookie依然有效,则直接返回true; 其中参数url是需要真正请求的接口;
1 publicBoolean executeMethod(String url) {2 String result = "-1";3 for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {4 GetMethod getMethod = newGetMethod(url);5 getMethod.setRequestHeader("cookie", cookie);6 try{7 httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);8 System.out.println("method result = " +getMethod.getResponseBodyAsString());9 result =getMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();10 } catch(IOException e) {11 e.printStackTrace();12 }13 JSONObject obj =JSONObject.parseObject(result);14 if ("0".equals(obj.get("err").toString())) {15 return true;16 }else if ("403".equals(obj.get("err").toString())) {17 cookie =login.getValidCookie(cookie);18 continue;19 }else{20 return false;21 }22 }23 return false;24
25 }
4. 在类加载的时候先登录一次,保存cookie,且是全局变量;则在第3步更新cookie的时候,就可以更新该变量;
1 Login login = newLogin();
2 private String cookie =login.getCookies(username, password);
3 HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
总结: 第三步判断cookie失效重新请求的实现方法有点不太好,希望大家多多交流;