一文搞懂Go搭建Restful接口

前提说明

大家都知道，Go语言是云原生技术的主力语言，因此想要更好的学习并掌握云原生技术的前提是能熟练的使用Go语言，今天就带大家再次使用Go语言搭建一个简单的Restful风格的后端服务，其中包含CRUD功能，但是由于能更方便快速的开发完成，web层使用了Gin框架，dao层，即数据库访问层的代码就没有进行数据库的连接，直接操作内存做数据的增删改查，如有详细教程的需要请留言哈~

好滴，废话不多说，在学习这篇文章之前建议大家先了解下除了Go基本语法和设计规范以外，还有Restful的一些要点和Gin框架的基础，这里我就推荐下相关文章吧：

Gin框架：

《快速入门Gin框架搭建HTTP服务》

Restful要点：

《RESTful介绍和使用教程》

具体代码

安装Gin

go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin

项目结构：

cmd/web/main.go

package main

import (
   "go_restful/pkg/web"
)

func main() {
   web.RouterGroup("7000")
}

pkg/model/user.go

package model

type User struct {
   Id   int64  `json:"id"`
   Name string `json:"name"`
   Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

pkg/dao/user_dao.go

package dao

import (
   "context"
   "go_restful/pkg/model"
   "log"
)

var users []*model.User

func init() {
   userList := make([]*model.User, 0)
   userList = append(userList, &model.User{Id: 1, Name: "zs", Age: 23})
   userList = append(userList, &model.User{Id: 2, Name: "ls", Age: 24})
   userList = append(userList, &model.User{Id: 3, Name: "ww", Age: 25})
   users = userList
}

type UserDAO interface {
   CreateUser(ctx context.Context, user *model.User) (bool, error)
   List(ctx context.Context) ([]*model.User, error)
   GetUserById(ctx context.Context, id int64) (model.User, error)
   DeleteUserById(ctx context.Context, id int64) (bool, error)
   UpdateUserById(ctx context.Context, user model.User) (bool, error)
}

type UserDaoImpl struct {
   UserDB []*model.User
}

func NewUserDaoImpl() *UserDaoImpl {
   return &UserDaoImpl{users}
}

func (u UserDaoImpl) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, user *model.User) (bool, error) {
   users = append(u.UserDB, user)
   printUsers()
   return true, nil
}

func (u UserDaoImpl) List(ctx context.Context) ([]*model.User, error) {
   return u.UserDB, nil
}

func (u UserDaoImpl) GetUserById(ctx context.Context, id int64) (model.User, error) {
   return *u.UserDB[id-1], nil
}

func (u UserDaoImpl) DeleteUserById(ctx context.Context, id int64) (bool, error) {
   newList := make([]*model.User, 0)
   for i := range u.UserDB {
      if i+1 != int(id) {
         newList = append(newList, u.UserDB[i])
      }
   }
   users = newList
   printUsers()
   return true, nil
}

func (u UserDaoImpl) UpdateUserById(ctx context.Context, user model.User) (bool, error) {
   newList := make([]*model.User, 0)
   for i := range u.UserDB {
      if i+1 == int(user.Id) {
         newList = append(newList, &user)
      } else {
         newList = append(newList, u.UserDB[i])
      }
   }
   users = newList
   printUsers()
   return true, nil
}

func printUsers() {
   for i := range users {
      log.Print(users[i])
   }
}

pkg/web/controller/user_controller.go

package controller

import (
   "context"
   "encoding/json"
   "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
   "go_restful/pkg/model"
   "go_restful/pkg/web/controller/impl"
   "io/ioutil"
   "log"
   "strconv"
)

type UserController interface {
   CreateUser(ctx context.Context, user model.User) (bool, error)
   List(ctx context.Context) ([]*model.User, error)
   GetUserById(ctx context.Context, id int64) (model.User, error)
   DeleteUserById(ctx context.Context, id int64) (bool, error)
   UpdateUserById(ctx context.Context, user model.User) (bool, error)
}

//CreateUser 添加User
func CreateUser(c *gin.Context) {
   body := c.Request.Body
   bytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(body)
   user := model.User{}
   json.Unmarshal(bytes, &user)
   impl.MyUserControllerImpl.CreateUser(c, &user)
   if err != nil {
      log.Println(err)
   }
   c.JSON(200, "success")
}

//List 查看全部
func List(c *gin.Context) {
   list, err := impl.MyUserControllerImpl.List(c)
   if err != nil {
      log.Println(err)
   }
   c.JSON(200, list)
}

//GetUserById 根据ID查看
func GetUserById(c *gin.Context) {
   id := c.Param("id")
   intid, _ := strconv.Atoi(id)
   user, err := impl.MyUserControllerImpl.GetUserById(c, int64(intid))
   if err != nil {
      log.Println(err)
   }
   c.JSON(200, user)
}

//DeleteUserById 根据ID删除
func DeleteUserById(c *gin.Context) {
   id := c.Param("id")
   intid, _ := strconv.Atoi(id)
   res, err := impl.MyUserControllerImpl.DeleteUserById(c, int64(intid))
   if err != nil {
      log.Println(err)
   }
   c.JSON(200, res)
}

//UpdateUserById 根据Id修改
func UpdateUserById(c *gin.Context) {
   body := c.Request.Body
   bytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(body)
   user := model.User{}
   json.Unmarshal(bytes, &user)
   if err != nil {
      log.Println(err)
   }
   res, err := impl.MyUserControllerImpl.UpdateUserById(c, user)
   c.JSON(200, res)
}

pkg/web/controller/impl/user_controller.go

package impl

import (
   "context"
   "go_restful/pkg/dao"
   "go_restful/pkg/model"
)

type UserControllerImpl struct {
   dao *dao.UserDaoImpl
}

var MyUserControllerImpl *UserControllerImpl

func NewUserControllerImpl() *UserControllerImpl {
   return &UserControllerImpl{
      dao: dao.NewUserDaoImpl(),
   }
}

func init() {
   MyUserControllerImpl=NewUserControllerImpl()
}

func (u UserControllerImpl) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, user *model.User) (bool, error) {
   return u.dao.CreateUser(ctx, user)
}

func (u UserControllerImpl) List(ctx context.Context) ([]*model.User, error) {
   return u.dao.List(ctx)
}

func (u UserControllerImpl) GetUserById(ctx context.Context, id int64) (model.User, error) {
   return u.dao.GetUserById(ctx, id)
}

func (u UserControllerImpl) DeleteUserById(ctx context.Context, id int64) (bool, error) {
   return u.dao.DeleteUserById(ctx, id)
}

func (u UserControllerImpl) UpdateUserById(ctx context.Context, user model.User) (bool, error) {
   return u.dao.UpdateUserById(ctx, user)
}

pkg/web/router.go

package web

import (
   "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
   "go_restful/pkg/web/controller"
)

func RouterGroup(port string) {
   r := gin.Default()
   router := r.Group("/")
   {
      router.POST("/save", controller.CreateUser)
      router.GET("/list", controller.List)
      router.GET("/get/:id", controller.GetUserById)
      router.PUT("/update}", controller.UpdateUserById)
      router.DELETE("/delete/:id", controller.DeleteUserById)
   }
   r.Run("127.0.0.1:" + port)
}

最后大家自行测试吧~