我们首先看一下mysql官方文档：
create {database | schema} [if not exists] db_name
[create_option] ...
create_option: [default] {
character set [=] charset_name
| collate [=] collation_name
}
通过查看mysql服务器的变量我们知道mysql默认创建数据库开启的字符集是latinl：
现在我们需要给创建的数据库db2指定支持中文的字符集utf8,下面是一行的内容哦！
create database db2 if not exists db2
default character set utf8
collate utf_general_ci;
上面我们就完成支持插入中文数据的数据库的创建，现在我们来思考一个问题，支持中文的字符集就只有utf8，还有哪些呢？它们之间的区别是什么？
我们先来看一下mysql 5.7.x 支持的字符集以及字符规则：
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.32 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show character set;
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| charset | description | default collation | maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | big5 traditional chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | dec west european | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | dos west european | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | hp west european | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | koi8-r relcom russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 west european | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | iso 8859-2 central european | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | us ascii | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | euc-jp japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | shift-jis japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | iso 8859-8 hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | tis620 thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | euc-kr korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | koi8-u ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | gb2312 simplified chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | iso 8859-7 greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | windows central european | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | gbk simplified chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | iso 8859-9 turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | armscii-8 armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | utf-8 unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | ucs-2 unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | dos russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | dos kamenicky czech-slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | mac central european | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | mac west european | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | dos central european | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | iso 8859-13 baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8mb4 | utf-8 unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251 | windows cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| utf16 | utf-16 unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |
| utf16le | utf-16le unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1256 | windows arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | windows baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| utf32 | utf-32 unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |
| binary | binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | geostd8 georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | sjis for windows japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | ujis for windows japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
| gb18030 | china national standard gb18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
41 rows in set (0.00 sec)
gb2312、gbk、gb18030、utf8、utf8mb4 这四个字符集都是支持中文。
关于gb2312、gbk、gb18030的介绍参考知乎这篇：
关于utf8、utf8mb4的介绍参考这篇：
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