Java版gRPC的使用之一：简单的gRPC搭建

一、环境准备

安装protocbuf

下载地址

选择对应的版本下载安装，这里我选择3.17.2
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配置环境变量
变量名 ：PROTOCBUF_HOME
变量值：D:\protoc-3.19.1-win64

找到系统变量中的path变量，选中后点击编辑，新增：%PROTOBUF_HOME%\bin

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安装protocbuf插件

从idea官网下载插件
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二、gRPC项目构建

项目结构

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创建maven父工程spring-boot-grpc

完整pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>spring-boot-grpc-lib</module>
        <module>local-server</module>
        <module>local-client</module>
    </modules>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.1</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-grpc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>11</source>
                    <target>11</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.6.1</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

创建模块spring-boot-grpc-lib

此模块负责将.proto文件生成Java对应的类与接口

根据官方文档
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选择对应的版本查看README.md

可以根据提交历史查看具体proto版本对应的pom.xml
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完整pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-grpc</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-grpc-lib</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-boot-grpc-lib</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
            <artifactId>grpc-netty-shaded</artifactId>
            <version>1.42.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
            <artifactId>grpc-protobuf</artifactId>
            <version>1.42.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
            <artifactId>grpc-stub</artifactId>
            <version>1.42.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency> <!-- necessary for Java 9+ -->
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
            <artifactId>annotations-api</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.53</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
            <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
            <version>3.17.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
            <artifactId>protobuf-java-util</artifactId>
            <version>3.17.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.annotation-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
                <artifactId>grpc-bom</artifactId>
                <version>1.42.2</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <extensions>
            <extension>
                <groupId>kr.motd.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>os-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.6.2</version>
            </extension>
        </extensions>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>0.6.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.17.2:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</protocArtifact>
                    <pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId>
                    <pluginArtifact>io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.42.1:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</pluginArtifact>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>compile</goal>
                            <goal>compile-custom</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

创建proto文件

在spring-boot-grpc-lib模块的src/main/proto目录下新增名为helloworld.proto的文件

这里面定义了一个gRPC服务，里面含有一个接口，并且还有这个接口的入参和返回结果的定义

proto文件夹需要在 File -> ProjectStructure 中将其标记为sources
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helloworld.proto完整代码

syntax = "proto3"; // 协议版本

// 选项配置
option java_multiple_files = true;
option java_package = "com.example.springbootgrpclib.grpc.protobuf";
option java_outer_classname = "SimpleProto";

service Simple {
    // 简单gRPC
    rpc OneToOne (MyRequest) returns (MyResponse) {
    }
}

message MyRequest {
    string name = 1;

    int32 value = 2;
}

message MyResponse {
    string message = 1;

    int64 result = 2;
}

生成Java类

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如果出现以下报错是因为无法下载对应的pom 和 exe
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需要点击报错的最后的连接手动下载对应资源，根据路径放到maven对应的Repository中
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生成对应的类并且将其移到spring-boot-grpc-lib下

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spring-boot-grpc-lib结构：

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创建模块local-server（gRPC服务端）

在父工程下面新建名为local-server的springboot模块，

添加gRPC 服务端 Maven 依赖和spring-boot-grpc-lib模块

完整pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-grpc</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>local-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>local-server</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>2.6.1</spring-boot.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--Lombok引入-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--gRPC服务端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.devh</groupId>
            <artifactId>grpc-server-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.13.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring-boot-grpc-lib模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.example</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-grpc-lib</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

springboot配置文件 application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: spring-boot-grpc-server
# gRPC有关的配置，这里只需要配置服务端口号
grpc:
  server:
    port: 9898
server:
  port: 8080

在service类中将gRPC服务对外暴露出去

完整代码如下

package com.example.localserver.server;

import com.example.springbootgrpclib.grpc.protobuf.MyRequest;
import com.example.springbootgrpclib.grpc.protobuf.MyResponse;
import com.example.springbootgrpclib.grpc.protobuf.SimpleGrpc;
import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;


@GrpcService
@Slf4j
public class GrpcServerService extends SimpleGrpc.SimpleImplBase {

    @Override
    public void oneToOne(MyRequest request, StreamObserver<MyResponse> responseObserver) {
        log.info("接收客户端数据{}", request);
        MyResponse response = MyResponse.newBuilder().setMessage( request.getName()).build();
        responseObserver.onNext(response);
        responseObserver.onCompleted();
    }
    
}

上述GrpcServerService.java中有几处需要注意：

是使用@GrpcService注解，再继承SimpleImplBase，这样就可以借助grpc-server-spring-boot-starter库将oneToOne暴露为gRPC服务；

SimpleImplBase是前文中根据proto自动生成的java代码，在spring-boot-grpc-lib模块中；

oneToOne方法中处理完毕业务逻辑后，调用responseObserver.onNext方法填入返回内容；

调用responseObserver.onCompleted方法表示本次gRPC服务完成；

至此，gRPC服务端编码就完成了，服务端流、客户端流和双向流在后面介绍。

创建模块local-client（gRPC客户端）

在父工程grpc-turtorials下面新建名为local-client的模块

添加gRPC客户端 Maven 依赖和spring-boot-grpc-lib模块

完整pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-grpc</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>local-client</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>local-client</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>2.6.1</spring-boot.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        
        <!--gRPC客户端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.devh</groupId>
            <artifactId>grpc-client-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.13.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring-boot-grpc-lib模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.example</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-grpc-lib</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

springboot配置文件 application.yml:

server:
  port: 8088
spring:
  application:
    name: local-client

grpc:
  client:
    # gRPC配置的名字，GrpcClient注解会用到
    local-grpc-server:
      # gRPC服务端地址
      address: 'static://127.0.0.1:9898'
      enableKeepAlive: true
      keepAliveWithoutCalls: true
      negotiationType: plaintext

服务类GrpcClientService

package com.example.localclient.service;

import com.example.springbootgrpclib.grpc.protobuf.MyRequest;
import com.example.springbootgrpclib.grpc.protobuf.MyResponse;
import com.example.springbootgrpclib.grpc.protobuf.SimpleGrpc;
import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import net.devh.boot.grpc.client.inject.GrpcClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class GrpcClientService {

    @GrpcClient("local-grpc-server")
    private SimpleGrpc.SimpleBlockingStub simpleStub;

    public String oneToOne(final String name) {
        try {
            final MyResponse response = this.simpleStub.oneToOne(MyRequest.newBuilder().setName(name).build());
            return response.getMessage();
        } catch (final StatusRuntimeException e) {
            return "FAILED with " + e.getStatus().getCode().name();
        }
    }
}

上述GrpcClientService类有几处要注意的地方：

用@Service将GrpcClientService注册为spring的普通bean实例；

用@GrpcClient修饰SimpleBlockingStub，这样就可以通过grpc-client-spring-boot-starter库发起gRPC调用，被调用的服务端信息来自名为local-grpc-server的配置；

SimpleBlockingStub来自前文中根据helloworld.proto生成的java代码；

SimpleBlockingStub.oneToOne方法会远程调用local-server应用的gRPC服务；

新增controller层验证gRPC服务调用能否成功

package com.example.localclient.controller;

import com.example.localclient.service.GrpcClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author cdj
 * @date 2022/4/11 - 17:36
 **/
@RestController
public class GrpcClientController {

    @Autowired
    private GrpcClientService grpcClientService;

    @RequestMapping("/oneToOne")
    public String oneToOne(@RequestParam(defaultValue = "name") String name) {
        return grpcClientService.oneToOne(name);
    }

}
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