创建磁盘分区
查看磁盘分区情况：fdisk -l
[root@model ~]# fdisk -l //查看系统中所有磁盘的分区列表
Disk/dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200sectors
Units= sectors of 1 * 512 = 512bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier:0x000da34bDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 2048 591871 294912 83Linux/dev/sda2 591872 189335551 94371840 83Linux/dev/sda3 189335552 209715199 101898248e Linux LVM
Disk/dev/sdb: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648sectors //sdb磁盘未分区，1099.5GB
Units= sectors of 1 * 512 = 512bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier:0x3238f946Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Disk/dev/mapper/centos-swap: 8334 MB, 8334082048 bytes, 16277504sectors
Units= sectors of 1 * 512 = 512bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes
创建主分区
[root@model ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remaininmemory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful beforeusingthe write command.
Command (mforhelp): m //查看菜单信息
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create anewempty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m printthismenu
n add anewpartition
o create anewempty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create anewempty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (mforhelp): n //新增分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4free) //主分区
e extended //扩展分区
Select (defaultp): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 //选择分区号，范围为1~4(主分区和扩展分区加起来最多只能建立 4 个，而扩展分区最多只能建立 1 个)，这里选择1
First sector (2048-2147483647, default 2048): 2048 //分区的起始扇面，默认从2048开始Last sector,+sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2147483647, default 2147483647): +10G //指定该磁盘分区的大小，默认占用整个磁盘；这里用 +size{K,M,G} 命令指定 10G
Partition1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is setCommand (mforhelp): p //打印当前磁盘的分区列表
Disk/dev/sdb: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648sectors
Units= sectors of 1 * 512 = 512bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier:0x3238f946Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 83Linux
Command (mforhelp): w //将本次配置写入硬盘
The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@model ~]# lsblk //lsblk 列表查看block分区
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 288M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 90G 0 part /
└─sda3 8:3 0 9.7G 0 part
├─centos-pool00_tmeta 253:0 0 8M 0 lvm
│ └─centos-pool00-tpool 253:2 0 7.8G 0 lvm
│ ├─centos-swap 253:3 0 7.8G 0 lvm [SWAP]
│ └─centos-pool00 253:4 0 7.8G 1 lvm
└─centos-pool00_tdata 253:1 0 7.8G 0 lvm
└─centos-pool00-tpool 253:2 0 7.8G 0 lvm
├─centos-swap 253:3 0 7.8G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-pool00 253:4 0 7.8G 1 lvm
sdb 8:16 0 1T 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part //找到新建的分区/dev/sdb1
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
新建的分区还没有格式化和挂载，所以还不能使用。用上述方法依次创建2、3号主分区，并预留4号分区作为扩展分区。
创建扩展分区
[root@model ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n //新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e): e //选择扩展分区
Selected partition 4
First sector (62916608-2147483647, default 62916608): //默认起始扇面
Using default value 62916608
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62916608-2147483647, default 2147483647): //默认将剩余全部空间分配给该扩展分区
Using default value 2147483647
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 994 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w //将本次设置写入磁盘
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
这里把 /dev/sdb 硬盘的所有剩余空间都建立为扩展分区，也就是建立 3 个主分区，剩余空间都建立成扩展分区，再于扩展分区中建立逻辑分区。扩展分区是不能被格式化和直接使用的，所以还要在扩展分区内部再建立逻辑分区。
创建逻辑分区
[root@model ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remaininmemory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful beforeusingthe write command.
Command (mforhelp): n //新建分区
All primary partitions areinuse
Adding logical partition5 //所有主分区已分配完，默认新建逻辑分区，从分区号从 5 开始First sector (62918656-2147483647, default 62918656): //起始扇面
Usingdefault value 62918656Last sector,+sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62918656-2147483647, default 2147483647): +5G //指定逻辑分区的大小为 5G
Partition5 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is setCommand (mforhelp): w //保存设置
The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
所有分区过程中如果不保存并退出是不会生效的，所以建立错了也没有关系，使用 q 命令不保存退出即可。如果使用了 w 命令，就会保存退出。有时因为系统的分区表正忙，所以需要重新启动系统才能使新的分区表生效。
格式化分区
[root@model ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 //将分区/dev/sdb1的文件类型格式化为xfs
mke2fs1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0blocks655360 inodes, 2621440blocks131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved forthe super user
First data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=2151677952
80block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768fragments per group8192inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done------------- 修改磁盘分区的文件类型 -----------------[root@model~]# blkid /dev/sdb6 //查看 /dev/sdb6 的 UUID 和 文件类型/dev/sdb6: UUID="89f4f8e4-0592-4e91-9064-7388152fec32" TYPE="xfs"[root@model~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb6 //将逻辑分区的文件类型从 xfs 修改为 ext4, 如果是从 ext4 修改为 xfs 需要在 命令后加 ‘-f’ 强制修改
mke2fs1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0blocks327680 inodes, 1310720blocks65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved forthe super user
First data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768fragments per group8192inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@model~]# blkid /dev/sdb6/dev/sdb6: UUID="846373a4-35b0-4988-9574-a508da3906f2" TYPE="ext4"
挂载磁盘分区
[root@model ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /usr/exdata1 //将 /dev/sdb1 磁盘分区挂载到新建的挂载点 /usr/exdata1 上
[root@model~]# df -T -h | grep /dev/sdb1 //查看 该分区是否已挂载
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use%Mounted on
/dev/sdb1 ext4 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /usr/exdata1
[root@model~]# vim /etc/fstab //修改fstab配置文件，将该磁盘分区设置为开机自动挂载
# Add command by Kay.sunin 2020/9/29 16:58 //在配置文件中添加一行命令
/dev/sdb1 /usr/exdata1 xfs defaults 1 2 ///dev/sdb1 选择一个分区；xfs 是当前分区的格式; defaults = rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, and async; 1 需要 dump；0 不需要 dump; 2 开机时检查顺序，非 boot 文件系统为 1，其它文件系统都为 2
[root@model~]# df -h | grep /dev/sdb1//重启后再次查看分区挂载情况，发现已经自动挂载~]# umount /usr/
删除磁盘分区
[root@model ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remaininmemory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful beforeusingthe write command.
Command (mforhelp): d //删除分区
Partition number (1-6, default 6): 6 //选择待删除的分区号Partition6 isdeletedCommand (mforhelp): w //保存设置
The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.