1、安装需要的依赖项

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

2、配置阿里源

yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

3、执行安装命令

yum install -y docker-ce

若需要安装指定的版本时，可参照以下命令

# 根据需要选择是否开启edge和test repositories
yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-edge
yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-test
## 禁用命令
yum-config-manager --disable docker-ce-edge

## 安装指定的版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@ss5 ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Installed Packages
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.9-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.8-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.7-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.6-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.5-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.4-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.3-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.2-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.1-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.12-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.12-3.el7                   @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.11-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.10-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.0-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.9-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.8-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.7-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.6-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.5-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.4-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.3-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.2-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.15-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.14-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.1-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 


yum install docker-ce-20.10.12.ce

4、启动docker

systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker ## 设置成自启服务

5、验证安装版本

[root@ss5 ~]# docker version

Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.12
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.16.12
 Git commit:        e91ed57
 Built:             Mon Dec 13 11:45:41 2021
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.12
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.16.12
  Git commit:       459d0df
  Built:            Mon Dec 13 11:44:05 2021
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.4.12
  GitCommit:        7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.2
  GitCommit:        v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

6、验证docker开启容器

 这里用hello-world image验证

docker run hello-world

看结果

[root@ss5 ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
docker: Error response from daemon: Head "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/library/hello-world/manifests/latest": Get "https://auth.docker.io/token?scope=repository%3Alibrary%2Fhello-world%3Apull&service=registry.docker.io": net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers).
See 'docker run --help'.
[root@ss5 ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
2db29710123e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:97a379f4f88575512824f3b352bc03cd75e239179eea0fecc38e597b2209f49a
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

7、升级和卸载Docker

# 升级
yum -y upgrade docker-ce

# 卸载
yum remove docker-ce

# 删除Images, containers, volumes, or customized configuration files 
rm -rf /var/lib/docker